The Ultimate Guide to Software Engineer Jobs in Japan

Welcome to the ultimate guide to developer positions in Japan. 

This is the most complete guide to Japanese software development positions available.

In this guide, I’ve covered everything you need to know about working as a developer in Japan:

• Market Trends

• Positions available

• Salary ranges and responsibilities for each role

• Day-to-day tasks and skills to thrive

• Resume, coding test, and interview tips

At Wahl+Case, we’ve helped hundreds of people join some of the biggest names in tech. So to build this guide, I sought out the masterminds getting developers hired; our team of technical recruiters.

Each member of the team shared their experience, discussed what their clients are hiring for, and provided tips to help you on your journey.

6 Groups of Positions

To make this guide easy for you to navigate, I grouped the positions into 6 distinct groups of software development roles available in Japan:

1. Fullstack Web/Software Engineers

2. QA Engineers: Manual and Automation

3. Infrastructure Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer, DevOps

4. Data Professionals and AI/ML Engineers

5. Project Managers, Product Managers, Product Owners, etc.

6. Senior Leadership, CTO, Principal

Each section discusses the trends in Japan (🇯🇵), specific job titles (👩‍💼) and salary ranges (💴), basic requirements (✅), language requirements (🔰), skills to thrive (📈), and day-to-day tasks (📆), as well as resume tips (📄), coding test tips (💻), interview tips (🤝) and real interview questions (📋).

The sections will be marked with the appropriate emoji.

Relocation Guide

In addition to discussing the positions themselves, there is guidance on how to move to Japan, including legal and visa resources to make the transition as smooth as possible.

Click here if you want to jump to the relocation and visa section.

Because we're a recruitment company, the last section is about working with a tech recruiter to find a job in Japan. Just to be clear, there is no fee to work with Wahl+Case as a job seeker, message us here to learn more.

I hope this guide serves as a valuable resource for you in your career. If you have any questions or comments along the way, don't hesitate to reach out to me on Linkedin. I’m here to help.

Alright, there is a lot to cover, so let’s get started:

Software Development Positions
in Japan

1. Web / Software Engineers - Full Stack (Backend focus)

Fullstack Dev Trends in Japan 🇯🇵

TL;DR:

• Japan has high demand for bilingual software engineers

• Diversity is increasing in Japanese tech industry

• Shortage of senior engineers

• Major and mid-level companies hire foreign developers

• Backend engineers may take on DevOps responsibilities

To get the insights you need to succeed in this market I reached out to Uros Cavic, the team leader of our Backend Engineers Consultant team, who originally moved to Japan because he got divorced (find out more here).

Here is what he had to say:

In the past three years, there has been an increasing demand for software engineers in Japan. As the tech industry grows, companies are seeking experienced bilingual developers.

The technical experience they are looking for is with GO, Ruby, Python, Java, PHP, and other object-oriented programming languages such as C++, C#, and JavaScript.

This demand is rooted in the shortage of senior engineers. Many companies are open to hiring coding boot camp graduates, but they typically lack previous experience and may not have the skills for senior positions.

This is not to say you will not find a job if you are a boot camp graduate or entry-level engineer, just that most companies hire engineers with 2-3 years of working experience.

In Japan, major companies like Google and Facebook often hire on a contract basis, while smaller startups and mid-level companies are open to hiring foreign developers full-time.

Going global

One notable trend is that companies that were once entirely Japanese-speaking are now mixed environments, with a number of non-Japanese speakers joining.

Companies like PayPay are increasingly using English as their primary language. This is driven by the need for more diverse perspectives and the increasing globalization of the tech industry.

Lastly, as a backend engineer in Japan, you may be asked to take on DevOps responsibilities, so it would be advantageous to have an understanding of DevOps practices and tools such as Jenkins.

Quick Note from Uros - God is a fullstack engineer

Frontend engineering has a lower barrier for entry, however, to be a successful senior frontend engineer you need to have a solid understanding of the backend as well. The front is what the users are touching and the back is what is making it run; changes made on either side will have consequences for both.

God is a fullstack engineer.

Fullstack Job Titles and Salary Ranges in Japan 💴

TL;DR

• Junior Fullstack Engineer: 4.5M JPY

• Engineer (Mid-Level): 6.5M JPY

• Senior Engineer: 12M JPY+

• Tech Lead: 10M JPY

If you're a full-stack developer, there are several job titles to consider in Japan. Uros went over the most common job titles and what they entail:

1. Junior Fullstack Engineer:

   • Salary Range: 4.5M JPY

   • Responsibilities: As a junior full-stack engineer, you'll be responsible for supporting senior engineers with tasks such as bug fixing, code optimization, and feature development. You'll need a solid foundation in front-end and back-end technologies, as well as communication skills.
     

2. Engineer (Mid-Level):

   • Salary Range: 6.5M JPY

   • Responsibilities: As a mid-level full-stack engineer, you will be expected to take on more significant responsibilities, such as developing new features and working on more complex code. You should have 3 to 5 years of experience in full-stack development and be able to work independently and as part of a team.
     
     

3. Senior Engineer:

   • Salary Range: 12M JPY+

   • Responsibilities: As a senior full-stack engineer, you will have a substantial role in the development process. You'll be responsible for leading and mentoring other engineers, designing and implementing new features, and working on large-scale projects. You should have at least five years of experience in full-stack development, as well as strong leadership and communication skills.
     
     

4. Tech Lead:

   • Salary Range: 10M JPY

   • Responsibilities: As a tech lead, you'll be responsible for overseeing all technical aspects of a project or team. You will need a deep understanding of front-end and back-end technologies, as well as excellent leadership and communication skills. You'll be responsible for managing project timelines, coordinating with other teams, and ensuring that all technical aspects of the project are running smoothly.

Quick Note from Uros - Read Carefully
It's worth noting that job titles can vary widely from company to company, so it's essential to read job descriptions carefully. Ask questions during the interview process to understand the specific requirements and expectations of each role.

Next, let’s discuss the basic requirements.

Basic Requirements for Full Stack Devs in Japan ✅

TL;DR

• Java, Python, and Ruby

• Communication Skills

• Cultural Understanding

• Experience Level

Here are 4 key things you should know about getting a developer job in Japan:

1. Technical Skills:
   You should have knowledge of programming languages such as Java, Python, and Ruby, as well as experience working with different software development frameworks and tools.
   

2. Language Skills:
   Effective communication is highly valued in Japan, particularly when it comes to working on team projects. If you're not yet fluent in Japanese, consider taking language classes or working with a tutor to improve your skills, which will make you a more attractive applicant.
   

3. Experience Levels:
   As you progress, your experience level will be a key factor in determining job titles and responsibilities. Junior engineers with less than 2-3 years of experience will require more supervision and mentoring, while mid-level developers with 3-5 years of experience will be able to take on more responsibilities and require less supervision. Senior developers with 5+ years of experience will be expected to take on leadership roles and mentor more junior developers.
   

4. Soft Skills:
   Employers also value soft skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and adaptability. To demonstrate your soft skills to potential employers, you should highlight relevant experiences on your resume or in your cover letter.

Fullstack Technical Skills in Japan 🖥️

TL;DR

• Ruby

• Elixir

• Rust

• GoLine

• Java

• C++

• C#

• PHP

• Python

The coding languages of software developers are ever-evolving, but here is a quick list of commonly used languages in Japan:

1. Java
   Popular programming language used for building enterprise-level applications and Android mobile apps.
   

2. C++
   General purpose programming language used for creating operating systems, web browsers, and other complex software applications.
   

3. Python
   High-level, interpreted language used for web development, machine learning, and data analysis.
   

4. C#
   Modern programming language used for building Windows applications and games.
   

5. PHP
   Scripting language used for building dynamic websites and web applications.
   

6. Ruby
   Popular in Japan because it was created here. It is a high-level, object-oriented language used for building web applications and scripting tasks.
   

7. Elixir
   Functional programming language designed for building scalable and maintainable applications, with a syntax that is inspired by the Ruby language. Much of the coding that was done in ruby is moving to Elixir, which is more difficult to learn.
   

8. Rust
   Statically-typed, compiled programming language designed for safe, concurrent, and fast execution, with a focus on system programming. Rust has the ability to break down because it is not structured.
   

9. GoLine
   Also known as Go, is a statically-typed, compiled programming language developed by Google that is designed for simplicity, concurrency, and efficient execution. There is interest from devs because it is a more modern programming language.

Now, let’s dive into the spoken language requirements.

Language Requirments for Full Stack Devs 🔰

TL;DR

• Japanese skills will always be a benefit 

• The benefit extends to personal life

• Communication skills are crucial in every role

As a web/software fullstack or backend engineer in Japan, you'll want to learn Japanese. Depending on the company you are applying to, you may need to have N1 proficiency.

Technical documents and communication with clients will often be in Japanese, so your level will impact the communication and difficulty of the job.

Not doing so will limit your options putting you in an "English bubble" meaning that you can only interact with other English speakers.

It is possible to find companies that only communicate in English, but this is limited.

Quick Note from Uros - Engineering is Sales too

As an engineer, you are also in a sales role. You'll need to be able to present solutions to your boss, your clients, and internal stakeholders. So, when it comes to work and the interview process, your ability to communicate in Japanese and English is critical.

Skills to Thrive as a Fullstack Dev 📈

Essential Skills - Beyond the Basic Requirements

TL;DR

• Communication

• Cloud technologies

• Underlying logic for each language

• Database knowledge

• Enthusiasm for learning

To be a standout software engineer in Japan, there are essential skills you should have: 

1. Communication
   First and foremost, is communication. You'll be working with a team of developers and other stakeholders, and communicating clearly is crucial. Make sure you can express your ideas and thoughts concisely and understandably.
   

2. Cloud Technologies
   Another vital skill is familiarity with cloud technologies. If you don't have experience with a specific cloud platform, such as AWS, GCP, or Azure, it's essential to be willing to learn. Companies, like Rakuten, have their own cloud solutions, so being adaptable and able to learn quickly will be an asset. Obtaining certifications for popular cloud platforms can also show that you are willing to put in the effort.
   

3. Logic
   You should be able to figure out which technology is best suited for solving a particular problem and be open to learning new languages while using the same logic principles. As an example, if you have experience with one object-oriented language, such as Ruby, the underlying concepts are transferable to other object-oriented languages, even if the syntax is different.
   

4. Database
   Database knowledge is essential, both for SQL and NoSQL databases. Familiarity with popular NoSQL databases such as MongoDB can be particularly useful.
   

5. Love to Learn
   Enthusiasm for technology is important as is a willingness to admit when you don't know something. Contributing to open-source projects is a great way to demonstrate your skills and dedication. Sites like GitHub and Stack Overflow are excellent resources for finding projects to contribute to, plus you can learn from others in the community.

With these skills, you'll stand out amongst applicants on your way to a career as a software engineer in Japan.

Working Environment for Full Stack Developers in Japan 👔

TL;DR

• Hybrid or in-office work environment

• Remote work may require relocation

• Perks: Lunch, relocation expenses, visa support

Many companies are moving towards a hybrid working environment, with others fully relying on in-office work. For example, Rakuten operates either as a hybrid or fully in-office company depending on the department.

Smaller companies tend to be more flexible when it comes to remote work. However, some companies may not be able to hire individuals who reside outside of Japan due to legal restrictions. Thus, while remote work is an option, you should still plan on relocating if you are hired to work in Japan. 

Some companies offer lunch assistance, relocation expenses, and visa support. This can help make the transition to working in Japan easier.

In terms of the work culture, most companies allow for casual attire, although at traditional companies you may be required to wear business attire.

Quick note from Uros - Be honest

When discussing your preferences for working in Japan, don't hesitate to voice your needs. If you are working with a recruiter, we understand that finding the perfect working environment can be challenging, but we are here to support you and make the process as smooth as possible.

A Day in the Life of a Fullstack Engineer in Japan 📆

TL;DR

• Fullstack Engineer: Code, Communicate, Innovate

• Autonomy & Collaboration: Freedom to Express

• Hybrid Work: Flexibility & Collaboration

Welcome to the dynamic world of fullstack engineering in Japan! As a fullstack engineer, you hold the key to unlocking innovation and building remarkable digital experiences. In this immersive guide, we'll walk you through what your day-to-day looks like, empowering you with the knowledge and insights needed to thrive in this ever-evolving field. So, buckle up and get ready to embark on an exciting journey of discovery!

Embracing the Power of Computer Programming

As a fullstack engineer, your day begins with diving into the fascinating realm of computer programming. This is where your technical expertise shines as you architect and develop software solutions that push the boundaries of what's possible. Whether you're crafting elegant frontend interfaces or crafting robust backend logic, your code is the lifeblood of innovation.

Gathering Requirements: A Collaborative Voyage

To set sail on your coding adventures, you'll embark on a collaborative voyage of gathering requirements. This journey involves actively engaging with stakeholders to understand the intricacies of the products or projects you'll be working on. By delving deep into the needs and aspirations of your clients, you lay the foundation for exceptional outcomes.

The Art of Communication: Bridging Gaps, Inspiring Success

As a fullstack engineer, you're not an island but a vital part of a larger ecosystem. Your ability to communicate effectively with your internal team members and stakeholders is paramount. You're the bridge that connects ideas, vision, and execution. From collaborating with quality assurance testers to ensuring alignment between product and project, your communication skills are the catalyst for seamless teamwork.

Empowered by Autonomy: A Culture of Freedom and Expression

Imagine a work environment where your voice truly matters, where the exchange of ideas is encouraged, and where hierarchy takes a backseat to creativity. In Japan's growing international tech landscape, such a culture thrives. Here, clear communication reigns, with minimal top-down management stifling your potential. You are free to express your opinions, challenge the status quo, and contribute your unique perspectives, transcending the limits imposed by conventional thinking.

The Mosaic of Diversity: A Global Engineering Community

One of the remarkable aspects of fullstack engineering in Japan is the vibrant and diverse community of engineers hailing from all corners of the globe. Within this melting pot of cultures, you'll have the opportunity to collaborate with talented individuals who bring their rich experiences and expertise to the table. The fusion of ideas and perspectives within this international environment creates an atmosphere of innovation and continuous learning.

Hybrid Work: Balancing Flexibility and Collaboration

In the modern landscape of fullstack engineering, companies in Japan often adopt a hybrid work model. While some companies offer remote work options, the majority embrace a balanced approach, combining the benefits of remote work with the power of in-person collaboration. This flexibility allows you to curate a work environment that best suits your productivity while ensuring seamless teamwork and effective communication.

In Japan's thriving tech landscape, each day as a fullstack engineer offers a unique opportunity to push the boundaries of what's possible. From crafting elegant code and gathering requirements to fostering open communication and embracing diversity, your role extends beyond technical expertise. You are an agent of change, a problem solver, and a catalyst for innovation.

So, seize the moment, embrace the challenges, and embark on your fullstack engineering odyssey by messaging us using this link!

The possibilities are limitless, and the future is yours to shape. Happy coding!

How to get a FullStack Developer job in japan

Fullstack Development Resume Tips 📄

TL;DR

• Be specific and honest

• Highlight your company and projects

• List your technologies

• Share your personal projects and publications

As a web/software fullstack or backend engineer in Japan, you need to make sure that your resume stands out and showcases your skills and experience effectively.

Here are 7 tips to help you create a winning resume:

1. Be specific and focused
   When writing your resume, it's important to frame and align it for the position. Emphasize those experiences that the company is looking for and don't be too general. For example, if the company is looking for strong API experience, make sure you highlight what you have done with API.
   

2. Be honest
   Don't lie or try to hide anything. If there are gaps in your work history, be honest about them and explain what you did during that time. In the end, everyone will find out and it's best to address it upfront.
   

3. Highlight your company and projects
   When explaining your experience, start by clearly stating the name of your current company and the specific timespan you worked there. If it's not a well-known company include a sentence about what the company does and which part of the company you were working in.
   

4. List your technologies
   Write down the technologies that you have been using and make sure to explain what tech you were using in each specific project. This is especially important for you as a backend engineer because you need to avoid tech soup.
   

5. Avoid tech soup
   It's okay to have a skills section on your resume, but make sure to explain specifically what tech you were using in each project and avoid creating a “tech soup” - a broad list of technologies without specific projects connected to them.
   

6. Explain your experience
   In Japan, it's important to explain your experience in detail, rather than just listing it. Don't group your experience at companies and then list your projects separately. Instead, bring those two together to show a comprehensive picture of your skills and experiences.
   

7. Share your personal projects and publications
   If you have any personal projects or publications, include them on your resume. This can help showcase your skills and interests and make you stand out from the competition.
   

8. Code Portfolio
   Keep in mind that some companies will look at your GitHub profile. Make sure your contributions are meaningful and demonstrate your skills and passion for technology. 

By following these tips, you can create a resume that will help you land your dream job as an engineer in Japan.

Example Fullstack Developer Resume

Coding Test Tips for Web/Software Fullstack and Backend Engineers in Japan 💻

TL;DR

• Practice using HackRank and LeetCode

• Understand how the questions are weighted

• Give yourself enough time to prepare

Most companies use a coding test before the interview process as a filtering mechanism. Even if you have been working as a developer for a while, these tests can still be a challenge.

To ensure your best chance of success, Uros recommended preparing for coding tests at least two weeks before you want to apply by practicing with HackerRank and LeetCode. 

When taking a coding test, it's important to pay attention to the details. Most coding tests have a time limit, usually one hour, so you will need to be efficient and focused. It's also crucial to understand that the last question typically brings the most points. In these cases, if you answer the first six questions correctly but miss the seventh question, you will fail the test even if you had enough time.

LeetCode has different levels of difficulty, with 200 tests in total. To get the most out of your preparation, Uros said to make sure you are at least at a medium level. 

If the tests you are taking are not at a medium level, your preparation might be futile, so it's important to make sure you are challenging yourself at the right level.

Good luck with your coding tests!

Interview Tips for Developers in Japan 🤝

TL;DR

• Client-facing skills are essential.

• 1st interview is informal.

• Avoid negative reasons for leaving.

• Research company, show interest.

• Technical interviews test skills.

When it comes to landing a job as a web/software fullstack engineer in Japan, the interview process can be a bit different from what you are used to. Don't worry, with preparation and these tips, you'll be ready.

First, many companies in Japan require strong client-facing skills, be ready to demonstrate your communication skills in your interviews. Consider using the STAR method to ensure your answers demonstrate your ability to communicate your skills to a non-technical audience.

First Interview

The first interview is often a getting-to-know-you session. This is your chance to explain your resume and your reason for leaving your previous job. Avoid giving negative reasons for leaving, such as low salary or issues with your boss, as this can paint you as a “problem child” and lead to a lower success rate.

It's also important to show that you've done your research on the company and have a clear idea of why you want to join them specifically. Put yourself in their shoes and think about what they're looking for in an applicant. Be sure to prepare questions for the interviewer, showing your interest in the product, team culture, and the problems you'll be working to solve.

Technical Interviews

In terms of technical interviews, there could be anywhere from three to four stages, depending on the company. These interviews will typically test your coding skills and problem-solving abilities.

Some companies may even have a pair programming stage, where you'll work with someone from their team to complete a coding task. It's not just about the result, but also about your communication style and thought process. Be sure to vocalize your thoughts and ask questions to fully understand the problem before attempting to solve it.

The other interviews will be more about your experiences and technical knowledge, as well as your cultural fit with the team. The manager will be looking to see if you'll get along well with the company culture they are trying to build.

Quick note from Uros - The right fit

Remember, it's not just about impressing the company, it's also about finding a company you enjoy working with.

Below are some real questions from a real interview with one of Uros’ clients:

Real Fullstack and Backend Interview Questions 📋

1. Getting to Know You (First Interview)

   • Self-introduction

   • What technologies are you interested in at the moment?

   • What is your strongest skill?

   • Discuss a significant technological challenge you have faced in your career and what you learned from it.

2. Technical Discussion (First and Second Interviews)

   • Questions related to data and indexes

   • A comparison of several programming languages of your choice

   • Discuss a problem and how you would approach resolving it

3. Career Goals and Aspirations (First and Third Interviews with CEO and Senior Project Manager)

   • What are your long-term career goals and aspirations in your future role?

   • Can you discuss things you have not liked in previous positions?

Good luck with your interviews!

Ready to build your career as a developer in Japan? Message Uros using this link!

2. QA Engineer, manual QA, and QA automation

QA Market Trends in Japan 🇯🇵

TL;DR

• Thriving QA industry in Japan

• Includes manual and automation testing

• AI and machine learning are important

To get a deep understanding of the QA landscape in Japan, I reached out to Piraya Chamroenrak, a consultant on our Backend Engineers team.

Here is what she had to say about QA in Japan:

Japan’s QA industry focuses on several types of testing, including gaming, web, and mobile QA, as well as both manual and automation testing.

If you're interested in working as an automation engineer, you'll need basic coding skills, however, manual testing is still a popular option.

AI and Machine Learning in QA

With the growing popularity of AI and machine learning, QA for these environments has become increasingly important in Japan. Testing big data and ML systems is a great way to gain experience in the field. Microservice QA is becoming more popular, as it helps ensure that AI and machine learning systems are functioning correctly.

QA Job Titles in Japan 👩‍💼

Job titles

TL;DR

• QA Engineer

• QA Automation Engineer

• Web QA

• Mobile QA

• Manual Testing QA

• Game QA

There are an array of QA positions available in Japan including:

1. QA Engineer
   As a QA (Quality Assurance) engineer, you will ensure that the product meets the quality standards before it is released. 
   

2. QA Automation Engineer
   As a QA Automation Engineer, you will specialize in implementing automation techniques and tools in the testing process.

   Quick Question: What is the difference between a QA engineer and a QA Automation Engineer?

   As a QA Automation Engineer, you will be focused on using automation to perform testing, while the QA Engineer may use manual testing methods.  
   

3. Web QA
   As a Web Quality Assurance (QA) specialist, you will ensure the functionality and usability of web-based applications and websites. You will need an understanding of web technologies, experience with testing tools, and a background in programming languages for automating tasks and analyzing results.
   

4. Mobile QA
   As a mobile QA professional, you ensure mobile apps are error-free, easy to use, and functional. You will design and implement testing plans, identify and document defects, and coordinate with developers to troubleshoot and fix issues. You need an understanding of mobile technologies and experience with testing tools and a familiarity with various mobile platforms and devices.
   

5. Manual testing QA 
   As a Manual QA professional, your job will involve ensuring that software applications are functioning optimally without errors. You'll handle the designs and implementation of testing plans, execute tests, and document defects. Experience with programming languages and testing tools is essential, as are attention to detail and analytical skills.
   

6. Game QA
   As a Game QA professional, you are a detective identifying potential issues in the game you are testing. You ensure that video games are high-quality and error-free, documenting any defects that you find. With a strong understanding of game development and testing tools, plus a passion for gaming, you'll be a key player in troubleshooting and fixing issues. 

Now let’s talk about that sweet sweet cash baby.

QA Salary Ranges in Japan 💴

TL;DR

• Entry: 3-4M JPY

• Mid-career: 5-8M JPY

• Senior: 7-10M JPY

QA roles will not offer the highest pay among engineering positions, but they still provide attractive compensation packages based on your experience level.

Let's examine the salary ranges for QA positions in Japan:

1. Entry level positions: 3M - 4M JPY
   Entry-level QA engineers in Japan typically earn between 3 and 4 million yen annually. This is lower than some other engineering roles, but QA is an essential aspect of software development and can be a great entry point.
   

2. Mid-Career: 5M - 8M JPY
   As you gain experience in the field, your QA engineer salary is likely to rise. The average salary for a QA engineer in Japan is between 5 and 8 million yen per year. At this stage, your responsibilities would involve creating and executing test plans, identifying and reporting bugs, and collaborating closely with developers to ensure top-quality software.
   

3. Senior: 7M - 10M JPY
   As a senior QA engineer in Japan, you can expect to earn between 7 and 10 million yen annually. This level of seniority requires extensive experience in the field and an ability to lead teams, design and implement test strategies, and work closely with stakeholders to ensure that software meets high standards.
   

4. Specialized QA: 4M - 8M JPY
   Salary ranges for specialized QA positions in Japan are generally similar to those for general QA engineers. For instance, QA Automation Engineers can earn between 5 and 8 million yen per year, while Web QA and Mobile QA positions typically pay between 4 and 7 million yen annually.
   

5. Manual QA: 4M - 6M JPY
   Manual testing QA positions are available in various industries, including finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. In Japan, the salary range for such roles is typically between 4 and 6 million yen per year.
   

6. Gaming QA: 4M - 8M JPY
   If you're interested in a career in the gaming industry, Game QA position salaries range from 4 to 8 million yen per year, depending on experience level and the company you work for.

Basic Requirements for QA Engineers in Japan ✅

TL;DR

• Degree in computer science

• 2-3 years experience required

• Software testing experience

New Grads

For new graduates, there are typically no specific requirements for a QA Engineer position. However, a degree in computer science is an advantage. It is important to have a good understanding of software testing concepts, such as test planning, test case design, and defect tracking.

Employers will look for candidates who have experience with testing tools, such as JIRA and Selenium, and programming languages like Java and Python. If you can show you put effort into learning these skills, that will reflect well.

Mid Career

For mid-career professionals, having 2-3 years of experience in any kind of software QA is required. This experience should culminate in an understanding of the software development life cycle, your ability to create and execute test plans, and a familiarity with the testing tools and programming languages mentioned above.

Quick note from Piraya - Communication is vital

At every stage in your QA career communication is vital. You need to communicate effectively with developers, project managers, and other team members. This includes being able to explain test results, report bugs, and provide feedback on the quality of the software being developed.

Let’s go over the tools that you will use as a QA Engineer.

QA Technical Skills in Japan 🖥️

TL;DR

• Codecept

• Cucumber

• Selenium

• AI and ML

As a QA engineer in Japan, there are several tools that you should be familiar with to be successful.

Here are some essential tools that you should learn:

1. Codecept
   First up is Codecept, a popular testing framework for Node.js. With Codecept, you can write automated tests in a simple easy-to-understand syntax. It's a great tool to have in your arsenal, especially if you're working with web applications. Additionally, Codecept supports a variety of plugins, which can make testing even easier.
   
   

2. Cucumber
   Another useful tool is Cucumber, a testing tool that focuses on behavior-driven development (BDD). With Cucumber, you can write tests in a natural language format that's easy for everyone to understand. It's a great way to collaborate with your team and ensure that everyone is on the same page.
   
   

3. Selenium
   You should also consider learning Selenium, an open-source tool that allows you to automate tests across different browsers and platforms. With Selenium, you can speed up your testing process and ensure that your web applications are working correctly.
   
   

4. AI and ML
   Additionally, if you have experience testing AI, big data, or ML, that's a big plus. These are emerging technologies in the industry, and having experience testing them can make you a valuable asset to your team.

Quick note from Piraya - Be Agile

In Japan, Agile methodology is widely adopted which is why automation tools like Codecept, Cucumber, and Selenium are essential. By using these tools, you can shorten the testing process and ensure that your team is delivering high-quality work on schedule.

Language Requirments for QA Engineers 🔰

TL;DR

• Japanese language skills are required, but not always

• Testing conducted in Japanese

As a QA engineer in Japan, most companies require you to have some level of Japanese. 

The products you will be testing will likely be in Japanese, and internal communication can be as well. However, if you are not client-facing, you may not need strong Japanese skills.

Some of Yasu’s clients, such as Gaussy, may have lower language requirements, but many, like Rakuten, place a strong emphasis on Japanese proficiency for their QA engineers. 

Skills to Thrive as a QA Engineer in Japan 📈

TL;DR

• Web application testing

• Communication

• Customer perspective

• Planning and management

• Manual and automation testing

• Agile testing

• CICD

Being a QA Engineer you will need to meet the basic requirements, but to stand out in the role you will need these essential skills:

1. Web application testing:
   This is a crucial aspect of the job. You will be responsible for ensuring that the web applications function correctly and meet the required standards.
   
   

2. Communication:
   In this role, you will need to communicate effectively, provide feedback, and report to the engineering team. Good communication skills are essential for ensuring that everyone is working together effectively.
   
   

3. Customer perspective:
   As a QA engineer, you need to think like a user by having a customer-centric approach to testing. This will help you identify potential issues and provide valuable feedback to the engineers.
   
   

4. Planning and management:
   Experience in setting plans from scratch and building testing plans is crucial. This will help you ensure that your testing efforts are organized and effective.
   
   

5. Manual and automation testing:
   Having experience in both manual and automation testing is highly valued. You should be able to perform manual testing if needed, but be able to utilize automation tools to streamline the testing process.
   
   

6. Agile testing:
   Agile methodology is widely used in software development, so having experience with agile testing is a must.
   
   

7. CICD knowledge:
   Understanding Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CICD) is essential as it will help you ensure that the software is released efficiently and smoothly.
   
   

8. JSTQB certification
   Having a JSTQB (Japanese Software Testing Qualifications Board) certification is a plus as some companies require it.

Quick note from Piraya:
For manual testing, a basic understanding of coding is desirable, but not essential. However, you should have a background in testing techniques and you should be able to work effectively with developers.

For automation testing, coding is more important as you will be expected to use the automation tools effectively.

Day-to-Day Tasks for QA Eningeers in Japan 📆

TL;DR

• Review and prioritize tasks

• Execute test cases and verify software performance

• Document bugs and report to the development team

• Collaborate with developers to prioritize bug fixes

• Plan testing activities and allocate resources

As a QA engineer, you will typically start your day by reviewing your to-do list and prioritizing your tasks. Your tasks will involve writing test cases and test plans based on the product requirements, collaborating with developers to understand the technical aspects of the software, and testing the software to validate its functionality.

You will spend a considerable amount of time executing test cases on the software. This involves simulating different usage scenarios, entering data, and observing the software's performance to identify potential bugs, loopholes, and glitches. You will also need to verify that the software works as intended in different environments and configurations.

Bug Discovery

When you discover bugs, you will document them in a bug tracking system and report them to the development team. You will need to provide detailed information on how to reproduce the issue, the expected results, and the actual results.

You will also work closely with the development team to help them understand the issues and prioritize bug fixes. This collaboration ensures that the software meets the expected quality standards and is delivered to customers on time.

In addition to testing, you will also need to plan your testing activities. This involves analyzing the product requirements and determining which tests are necessary to ensure that the software meets the desired quality standards. You will also need to estimate the time required for testing and allocate resources.

Quick note from Piraya - Communicate!

Throughout the day, you will collaborate with other team members, including developers, project managers, and other QA engineers. Communication is crucial.

Next let’s explore the working environment for QA in Japan.

Working Environment for QA Engineers in Japan 👔

TL;DR

• Remote positions are available

• Need to reside in Japan

Japan offers you a diverse working environment as a QA engineer whether you want to work remotely, in a hybrid setting, or in a traditional office environment. The size of the company doesn't matter, as both small and big companies in Japan have a need for QA engineers.

The majority of positions are filled by individuals residing in the country. However, this does not mean that if you are living outside of Japan you can't secure a QA position. A great example of this is Rakuten, a well-known company that hires QA engineers from all over the world.

So let’s take a look at how to get a QA job in Japan.

How to get a QA job in japan

QA Resume Tips 📄

TL;DR

• Highlight experience & projects

• Emphasize automation testing

• Mention certifications, web/mobile testing, and specifics

As a QA engineer, you want to make sure your resume stands out to potential employers in Japan.

Here are some key tips to keep in mind when putting together your resume.

Highlight your experience and the projects you've worked on by mentioning the types of software you have tested, as well as the testing method you have used (manual or automated).

Automation experience is highly valued in the QA field, so if you have experience with automation testing, be sure to highlight that. However, if you don't have automation experience, don't worry - many companies value manual testing experience.

Certifications

Having a certification, such as the JSTQB certificate, can also be a plus on your resume. Some companies require this certification for QA engineers, so it's a good idea to get one if you haven't already.

Finally, it's important to shout out your web or mobile testing experience and make sure to mention the companies you have worked for along with the specific products you were testing at those companies.

Here is an example resume, feel free to use it as a template for your own.

Example QA Resume

Coding Test Tips for QA Engineers in Japan 💻

Coding test tips for QA Engineers in Japan

TL;DR

• No direct coding test!

• Understand the software

• Cover all necessary scenarios

• Use appropriate testing framework

• Submit at least 5 automated tests

Great news: No coding tests! But…

While there may not be actual coding tests, you will likely be asked to submit test cases and automated tests as part of your assignment. If you're looking to ace your assignment, here are a few tips to keep in mind.

1. Understand the software
   You should familiarize yourself with the software site, its features, and how it works. This will give you a good foundation for creating effective test cases and automated tests.
   

2. Cover your bases
   When it comes to creating test cases, make sure that you are covering all the necessary scenarios. Think about the different ways that users may interact with the site and make sure that your test cases cover each of these scenarios. This will help ensure that the site is functioning properly and can handle all types of user interactions.
   

3. Chose the right framework
   For automated tests, make sure that you are using a testing framework that is appropriate for the task at hand. There are many different testing frameworks available, so you'll want to choose one that is easy to use and that provides the features that you need. You should also make sure that your tests are easy to understand and maintain, as this will make your life easier in the long run.
   

4. Five is the magic number
   Make sure that you are submitting at least 5 automated tests for the software site. This will demonstrate your proficiency in automated testing and show your potential employer that you are serious about your work.

Now that you have passed your coding test, let’s get to the interview.

Interview Tips for QA Engineers in Japan 🤝

TL;DR

• Communication is vital

• Clearly present technical experience

• Articulate passion for the company

One of the most important skills is communication and this is what the interviews will focus on. Your interviewer will want to know if you can effectively communicate with engineers and report bugs and errors quickly so they can be repaired. Be prepared to discuss your experience working with other teams and how you handle technical problems.

It's also important to be clear about your technical experience, so prepare to go through the projects you were a part of and your contributions to each.

Why did you apply?

Another important aspect is explaining why you applied to the position and why you want to work for this company. Often, candidates don't have a strong reason for applying and have simply been referred by a recruiter or friends. However, you need to have a deep understanding of the company and its products as this will help you articulate why you're passionate about working there specifically.

QA Interview Questions 📋

First-round interview:

1. Can you explain the difference between functional testing and non-functional testing? Give examples of each.

2. Describe the software development life cycle (SDLC) and explain where testing fits into it.

3. How would you approach testing a complex system with multiple integrations? What factors would you consider?

4. Can you discuss the importance of test automation in the QA process? Share your experience with test automation frameworks or tools.

5. Tell me about a challenging bug you encountered during testing. How did you identify and resolve it?

6. How do you ensure test coverage in your projects? What techniques or strategies do you use?

7. Have you worked with agile methodologies such as Scrum or Kanban? How does QA fit into an agile environment?

8. Describe a situation where you had to collaborate with developers or other team members to resolve a quality issue. How did you handle the situation?

9. How do you prioritize test cases when time is limited? What factors do you consider?

10. Have you used any test management or bug tracking tools? Which ones have you used, and how did you utilize them in your previous roles?

Technical Round:

1. Can you explain the concept of test-driven development (TDD) and how it can benefit the QA process?

2. Describe the process you follow for creating and maintaining test documentation, such as test plans, test cases, and test scripts.

3. How do you approach performance testing? Share your experience with load testing or stress testing.

4. Have you worked with continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines? How did you incorporate QA processes into the pipeline?

5. Describe your experience with cross-browser testing. How do you ensure compatibility across different browsers and versions?

6. Can you provide an example of a situation where you used exploratory testing? How did it contribute to finding defects or improving the overall quality of the product?

7. How do you handle testing in an environment with frequent changes or iterations? How do you manage regression testing in such scenarios?

8. Share your experience with security testing. How do you approach identifying and mitigating potential security vulnerabilities?

Problem-Solving Round:

1. Present the candidate with a hypothetical scenario involving a critical defect found in production. Ask them to outline the steps they would take to analyze and resolve the issue.

2. Provide a complex test case scenario and ask the candidate to break it down into smaller, manageable test cases. Assess their ability to think critically and create comprehensive test scenarios.

3. Ask the candidate to explain how they would handle conflicting priorities or tight deadlines in the QA process. Evaluate their ability to prioritize tasks effectively.

4. Give the candidate a real-life scenario involving miscommunication between QA and development teams. Ask how they would handle the situation and facilitate effective collaboration.

Cultural Fit Round:

1. How do you approach working in a team environment? Can you provide an example of a time when you faced challenges while collaborating with others and how you resolved them?

2. Describe a situation where you received constructive feedback on your work. How did you handle it, and what changes did you make as a result?

3. How do you stay updated with the latest trends and advancements in the QA field? Do you participate in any professional development activities or communities?

4. What motivates you as a QA Engineer? How do you ensure your passion for quality translates into your work?

Ready to test the Japanese QA Market? Message Piraya using this link!

3. Infrastructure Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer, DevOps

Infrastructure Engineer, SRE, and DevOps Trends in Japan 🇯🇵

TL;DR:

• An engineering background is a plus

• Experience in web development is helpful

• Familiarize yourself with Jenkins

To learn everything I would need to know to help you get a job as an SRE, DevOps, or Infrastructure Engineer in Japan, I spoke with Shin Tanaka, the team leader of our sourcing team.

Shin has been focused on working with our technical teams to find people like you, so if you are interested in working in Japan please message him on LinkedIn! 

Here is what he had to say:

In Japan, a background in engineering is a plus when applying for DevOps or SRE as it helps you understand the systems and technologies you'll be working with. Many of the best DevOps and SREs have experience in web application development or web development.

Jenkins is a popular tool for DevOps and SREs, so you may want to familiarize yourself with it if you haven't already.

Now let’s dive into the different positions available.

Infrastructure Engineers, SRE, and DevOps

Job Titles and Salary Ranges in Japan 💴

TL;DR

• DevOps: connect dev & ops teams [7M - 14M JPY]

• Site Reliability Engineer: maintain stability [6M - 12M JPY]

• Infrastructure/Cloud Engineer: build & maintain infrastructure [5M - 10M JPY]

You have likely come across several job titles in your search and are wondering what the differences are between these.

Let’s go over each:

1. DevOps:

   • Salary Range: 7M - 14M JPY

   • Responsibilities: DevOps was created to solve the modern problem of needing websites to run all the time. As a DevOps, you'll be responsible for ensuring that systems are always running smoothly and efficiently.

     DevOps is a senior role that brings together development and operations teams. Development teams are focused on creating new systems, while operations teams aim to maintain the stability of existing services. The challenge for you as a DevOps engineer is to find a balance between these two conflicting goals, in order to deliver new services quickly and effectively.

     You will oversee the entire software development process using cloud-based infrastructure to speed up software development and create stable effective systems.
     

2. Site Reliability Engineer (SRE):

   • Salary Range: 6M - 12M JPY

   • Responsibilities: Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) is a concept that was created by Google to ensure the reliability and stability of websites. You will use tools to monitor the performance of websites/systems and keep them running smoothly. Unlike DevOps, SREs place a greater emphasis on maintaining stability and monitoring, rather than on collaboration between teams.

     SRE is a further extension of DevOps, it is a more specialized form of DevOps that focuses on the reliability and stability of systems. If you're interested in pursuing a career as an SRE, a strong background in DevOps would be a good place to start.
     

3. Infrastructure Engineer or Cloud Engineer:

   • Salary Range: 5M - 10M JPY

   • Responsibilities: Infrastructure Engineers, also known as Cloud Engineers, are responsible for building and maintaining the infrastructure for a company's systems. This includes both cloud-based and non-cloud-based infrastructure. Unlike DevOps and SRE, Infrastructure Engineers are not responsible for automating the systems they build. Instead, they focus on building a strong reliable infrastructure that supports the development and operations teams.
     

4. Other Job Titles

   • You may come across other job titles such as Senior Platform Engineer, Backend Engineer, or others that overlap with the responsibilities of DevOps, SRE, and Infrastructure Engineers. Each role may vary from company to company, so it's important to understand the company's priorities before you apply.
     

If you are not sure which suits you, we would be happy to speak with you and help you achieve your career goals in Japan. Message us using this link!

Quick note from Shin - Cost of Living

Salaries in Japan are typically lower than in the United States or Europe. However, the cost of living in Japan is also lower than in those countries. Additionally, many companies in Japan offer other benefits such as bonuses, paid time off, and housing allowances that can increase the overall compensation package.

Basic Requirements for SRE and DevOps in Japan ✅

TL;DR

• Bachelor's degree in computer science

• Fluency in Japanese

• Experience with programming languages and cloud platforms

• Communication, adaptability, and problem-solving skills

• 2- 3 years experience

To work as a DevOps in Japan, an individual typically needs to meet the following requirements:

1. Education:
   A bachelor's degree in computer science or a related field, some companies may also require a master's degree or additional certifications.
   

2. Language skills:
   Fluency in Japanese is often required, as many DevOps positions in Japan require communication with Japanese clients and colleagues, more on this in the next section.
   

3. Technical skills:
   Knowledge of programming languages such as Python, Java, or C++.
   Familiarity with cloud platforms such as AWS or Azure.
   

4. Experience:
   2-3 years of experience in a related field.
   

5. Communication skills:
   Strong communication and collaboration skills are important in a DevOps role, as the job often involves working with other team members and departments.
   

6. Problem-solving abilities:
   DevOps professionals need to be able to troubleshoot and resolve complex technical issues quickly and efficiently.
   

7. Adaptability:
   The field of DevOps is constantly evolving, so the ability to adapt to new technologies and methodologies is important.
   

8. Legal Requirements:
   To work as a DevOps in Japan, you will need to obtain a work visa, which requires a job offer from a Japanese company. There are other ways, see the section on relocation to learn more.

Education Requirements for SRE/DevOps in Japan 🎓

TL;DR

• CS degree not strictly required

• Some companies value experience over education

• Relevant experience

• Language proficiency is important.

While having a degree in Computer Science (CS) can be an advantage, it is not strictly required in Japan. Some companies value experience over a specific academic background.

Shin specifically mentioned companies like Freee, are looking to make their internal environment international, so they welcome engineers from a variety of academic backgrounds. On the other hand, Shin has seen companies like PayPay that are now more selective and prefer candidates with a CS degree.

These roles are senior-level positions, so in many cases, experience is more important than boot camps or specific educational requirements.

Your experience and language proficiency are likely to carry more weight. So, let’s talk about the JP requirements.

Language Requirments for DevOps and SRE in Japan 🔰

TL;DR

• Learn Japanese (trust me your life will get better)

Language skills can have a significant impact on your ability to find a job in Japan, but not all companies are Japanese only.

Shin specifically mentioned companies like PayPay, which have an English-speaking engineering team and do not require Japanese language skills. However, he also mentioned other companies like Line, that place a higher emphasis on Japanese proficiency, even if you have strong English skills.

For senior positions, companies are flexible in hiring English-speaking engineers.

Quick note from Shin - Programming Languages

In terms of programming languages you need, it depends on the company you're applying to. It's important to have a good grasp of at least one or more of the popular programming languages, such as Java, Ruby, Python, or GO.

Ask the recruiter you are working with about the specific company you're interested in to make sure you have the language skills they require.

Now let’s go over the skills that will help you thrive.

Skills to Thrive as an Infrastructure Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer, or DevOps in Japan 📈

TL;DR

• Automation with CircleCI and Jenkins

• Infrastructure as Code with Ansible, Terraform, and Puppet

• Knowledge of cloud platforms like AWS and Azure

• Strong communication skills.

If you're looking to build a career as an Infrastructure Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer, or DevOps in Japan, it's essential to acquire a range of technical and non-technical skills to excel in these roles.

Below are 4 of the critical skills you'll need to thrive:

1. Automation:
   As a DevOps Engineer, your primary responsibility is to automate the product development lifecycle. This requires using tools like CircleCI and Jenkins to automate software testing and deployment. You should be comfortable with scripting and writing code to automate these processes.
   

2. Infrastructure as Code:
   Infrastructure as Code (IAC) is becoming more prevalent in Japan. It involves writing code to automate infrastructure provisioning, rather than relying on manual processes. To succeed, you must be comfortable with tools like Ansible, Terraform, and Puppet as well as be able to write code to configure and provision infrastructure.
   

3. Cloud Platform:
   Another important skill is knowledge of cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure. These platforms are widely used in Japan and you must be familiar with them to deploy and manage applications successfully.
   

4. Communication Skills:
   Strong communication skills are critical just like in every role. You must be able to communicate effectively with developers, operations teams, product managers, and CTOs. Basically, you need the ability to explain technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders and collaborate with others effectively.

Day-to-Day Tasks for SRE, DevOps, and Infrastructure Eningeers in Japan 📆

TL;DR

• Build, maintain, and improve infrastructure

• Communicate and fix errors with teams

• Monitor tools/systems for smooth operation

As an Infrastructure Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer, or DevOps in Japan, your day-to-day tasks will involve building, maintaining, and improving the technical infrastructure of your organization. You will start by constructing the infrastructure and then tuning its performance to ensure it operates smoothly.

Talk Talk Talk

You will spend a significant amount of time communicating with other teams and fixing any errors, thus communication skills are essential. You will need to articulate technical issues to non-technical stakeholders in a way that they can understand.

Who Watches the Watchmen?

In addition to fixing errors, you will also be responsible for monitoring various tools and systems to ensure they are functioning correctly. As a DevOps, you play a critical role in keeping the infrastructure running smoothly, so it's essential to be proactive in identifying and fixing any potential issues before they become problems.

This all sounds great, but can you work remote?

Working Environment for Infrastructure Engineers, SRE, and DevOps in Japan 👔

TL;DR

• Remote work increased due to the pandemic

• Flexibility in work style 

• Move to Japan

The pandemic led to an increase in remote work worldwide and Japan was no exception. 

Many engineers in Japan still work fully remote or in a hybrid model, but others are asked to work in office. This offers you flexibility in terms of when and where you work, as long as you can hit your deadlines.

If you're considering working in Japan, it's worth noting that some companies offer relocation support, such as PayPay and Rakuten, but this means that they will ask you to relocate. During the pandemic, there were exceptions to this rule, but now companies prefer their employees to be based here in Japan.

Now that you have a clear image of the work, let’s go over how to actually get an Infrastructure Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer, or DevOps job in Japan.

How to get an Infra Engineer, SRE, or Deveops job IN JAPAN

Resume Tips for Infrastructure Engineers, Site Reliability Engineers, and DevOps 📄

TL;DR

• Showcase your attention to detail

• Highlight your results with numbers

• Communication matrix

To get hired as a DevOps, SRE, or Infrastructure Engineer in Japan, here are a few things to keep in mind when crafting your resume.

1. Showcase Your Attention to Detail:
   Don't overlook the small details. Companies are looking for engineers who are aware of even the smallest tools, such as internal communication tools like Slack, Salesforce, Gmail, and others. Make sure to mention all the technologies you have used, even the seemingly insignificant ones. This will demonstrate that you are thorough and attentive.
   

2. Use Numbers to Spotlight Your Achievements:
   It's essential to include numbers on your resume that describe the size of the service you have worked on, such as how many users, transactions per day, or the amount of data you handled. This will help potential employers better understand your previous work experience, making it easier for them to visualize how you can contribute to their projects.
   

3. Highlight Your Communication Skills:
   In the DevOps world, communication is king. Highlight who you have communicated with in your previous roles and how you worked with them. Indicate if it was a big or small team and any communication tools you used.

Let Shin know if you would like help writing an effective resume, message us here.

Example DevOps Resume

Coding Test Tips for DevOps, SRE, and Infrastructure Engineers in Japan 💻

TL;DR

• Discuss case studies

• Practice technical skills

• Communication again

Be ready to tackle technical assessments in Japan during the hiring process.

Here are 3 tips to help you succeed:

1. Focus on case studies:
   For DevOps positions, the emphasis is often on case studies rather than traditional coding tests. Be prepared to discuss how you would react to difficult situations and provide solutions to incidents that may arise in a real-world scenario. These discussions may involve topics like incident response, disaster recovery, or automation, so it's important to be familiar with best practices.
   

2. Brush up on technical skills:
   Companies will ask you to complete a technical assignment. This could involve writing code, configuring infrastructure, or troubleshooting issues. Get familiar with the tools and technologies commonly used in the field, such as Docker, Kubernetes, Ansible, or Terraform.
   

3. Communicate effectively:
   Strong communication skills are essential in these roles. Make sure you can explain complex technical concepts clearly and concisely, and be prepared to collaborate with others.
   

   Now on to passing interviews!

Interview Tips for Infrastructure Engineers, Site Reliability Engineers, and DevOps in Japan 🤝

TL;DR

• Showcase technical expertise

• Highlight specific tech

• Emphasize your ability to work collaboratively

• Demonstrate your problem-solving skills

• Keep up with industry trends

Here are 5 things to keep in mind during the interview process:

1. Showcase your technical expertise:
   Be prepared to demonstrate your technical skills and knowledge in areas such as cloud computing, automation, scripting, and networking.
   

2. Highlight your experience with specific tools and technologies:
   Make sure to mention any relevant experience you have with tools and technologies such as Kubernetes, Terraform, Ansible, and Jenkins.
   

3. Emphasize your ability to work collaboratively:
   Infrastructure Engineers, SREs, and DevOps work closely with other teams, so it's essential to show that you can work well with others, communicate effectively, and contribute to a positive team dynamic.
   

4. Demonstrate your problem-solving skills:
   Be prepared to share examples of how you've solved complex technical challenges and made improvements to existing systems.
   

5. Keep up with industry trends:
   Stay up to date with the latest industry trends and advancements, and be ready to discuss how you can apply these innovations to the company's systems and processes.

Quick note from Shin - Product Knowledge

In-house companies in Japan usually require their SRE or DevOps engineers to focus on one specific product for the long-term, even if the project itself is short. This means that you need to demonstrate your ability to handle complex technical challenges while maintaining stability and reliability for the product you'll be working on.

Real DevOps Interview Questions 📋

1. Web Test (Technical Abilities):

   • Can you describe your experience and expertise in DevOps?

   • What tools and technologies have you worked with in the DevOps space?

   • Could you provide an example of a complex DevOps project you have worked on and explain your role in it?

   • How would you handle scalability and performance challenges in a DevOps environment?

2. HR Interview (Motivations):

   • Why are you interested in joining our company and working in the DevOps field?

   • What motivates you to pursue a career in DevOps?

   • How do you envision your role contributing to the growth and success of our company?

   • What are your long-term career goals in the DevOps field?

3. 1st Technical Screen (Senior Interview - conducted through HackerRank):

   • What is your approach to managing infrastructure as code?

   • Can you explain the concept of continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) in DevOps?

   • How would you handle the implementation and management of containerization technologies like Docker and Kubernetes?

   • Describe your experience with configuration management tools such as Ansible, Chef, or Puppet.

4. 2nd Technical Screen (Hiring Manager):

   • Tell us about a challenging incident or outage you faced in your previous DevOps role and how you resolved it.

   • How do you ensure the security and compliance of infrastructure and applications in a DevOps environment?

   • Explain how you collaborate with development teams to integrate DevOps practices into the software development lifecycle.

   • Have you implemented any monitoring or logging solutions in your previous projects? If so, which ones and how did they benefit the team?

5. CTO Interview (Office Visit):

   • During your visit to our office, what specific areas or processes would you like to observe or learn more about?

   • How do you approach problem-solving and decision-making in high-pressure situations?

   • Share an example of a successful project you led or contributed to and how it positively impacted the organization.

   • How would you foster a collaborative and innovative culture within the DevOps team?

Feeling ready to launch you career in Japan? Message us using this link!

4. Data analysts, Data science, data engineer, Machine Learning and AI Positions

Data Realated Trends in Japan 🇯🇵

TL;DR

• Demand for data analysts who track customer data

• Big data integrated with AI and machine learning

• Start-ups offer innovative opportunities

If you are considering a career in Japan, you need to be informed of the latest trends in the market. The good news is that I spoke with Delano Stark to get all of the info you need.

Here is what Del had to say:

One trend to watch in Japan is the increasing demand for data analysts who can track customer data and analyze consumer behavior. Companies like PayPay, Paidy, Rakuten, and Muji are just a few examples of businesses that are interested in this kind of work.

As a data analyst, you would be responsible for tracking app usage, analyzing trends in location and usage, and generally noticing patterns in consumer behavior.

AI in Japan

Another trend to keep an eye on in Japan is the integration of big data with AI and machine learning. While there is still much to be learned about the power of data science, companies like Molcure are already using machine learning and AI to develop new medicines.

Additionally, optical character recognition (OCR) is another area that is growing in importance in Japan. Del’s client Holoeyes specializes in this field. OCR technology is used to digitize documents and images, making it easier to search and analyze large amounts of data.

Many of the data jobs in Japan are focused on B2C (business-to-consumer). Meaning you will be working with data that is focused on individual consumers, rather than on organizations or corporations.

Quick Note from Del - Start it up

Many start-up companies in Japan are developing innovative new apps and technologies using AI and ML. If you are interested in working with data, this could be an opportunity to get in on the ground floor of a new venture.

So what are the data-related positions available in Japan?

Job Titles and Responsibilities for Data Related Positions in Japan 👩‍💼

TL;DR

• Data Analysts / Engineer / Scientist

• Machine Learning Engineer

• Computer Vision Engineer

• AI Engineer

Del broke down some of the key job titles in the data field and provided some context to help you understand what each role does. Let’s take a look.

1. Data Analyst:
   As a Data Analyst, you are responsible for preprocessing and gathering data, filtering it, and preparing it for analysis. You are the first point of contact for raw data and are responsible for ensuring that the data is accurate, reliable, and relevant to the task at hand. You are cleaning and organizing data, as well as identifying patterns and trends that can be used to drive business decisions.
   
   

2. Data Engineer:
   You are responsible for developing, testing, and maintaining the architecture that supports data analysis. You have a technical background and an understanding of programming languages, machine learning, and the ability to build pipelines that move data through the system. You ensure that the data infrastructure is scalable, secure, and efficient.
   
   

3. Data Scientist:
   You are responsible for developing operational models, analyzing data, and strategic planning. You bridge the gap between stakeholders by understanding the business needs and applying data-driven insights to solve complex problems. You work on the output side of the data, preparing it for presentation to key decision-makers. You give presentations to communicate your findings and recommendations to stakeholders.
   
   

4. Machine Learning Engineer:
   You are responsible for training machines to learn from examples and experiences, rather than writing vast amounts of code. You write underlying algorithms and develop code to interpret data, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. You work on developing models that can make predictions and solve problems based on data.
   
   

5. Computer Vision Engineer:
   You are responsible for designing and developing computer vision algorithms and systems. You work on image and video data, using tools such as machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning to develop models that can recognize patterns and objects.
   
   

6. AI Engineer:
   You work on developing AI systems that can simulate human intelligence. You are responsible for designing algorithms and systems that analyze and interpret data, and make decisions based on that data. You work on natural language processing, machine learning, and computer vision to build systems that can recognize speech, images, and patterns in data.

Quick note from Del - Variation is normal

As with any job, the specific responsibilities and required skills will vary depending on the company. To learn more about these positions check out the company’s website, YouTube channel, and any other forms of communication they use to get a better understanding of what is expected in each role.

If you would like some help deciding which position is best for you, please message us with this link.

Let’s be real

You already knew the responsibilities. You really came here because you want to know how much money you can make in Japan, right?

Data Sceintist and AI/ML Engineers Salary Ranges in Japan 💴

TL;DR

• Junior: 4M-8M JPY

• Mid-level: 8M-10M JPY

• Senior: 10M-16M JPY

Junior Level

For junior data analyst or scientist positions, you can expect a salary range of around 4 million to 8 million yen per year. This range may vary depending on factors such as the company you work for, your level of experience, and the location of the job.

Mid Career

If you're a mid-level data analyst or scientist, you can expect to earn a higher salary range of around 8 million to 10 million yen per year. This salary range should reflect your increased level of experience and expertise in the field.

Senior Positions

For senior data analyst or scientist positions, you can expect a salary range of around 10 million yen to 16 million yen per year or more. This salary range reflects your advanced skills and experience, as well as any leadership responsibilities you may have.

Quick Note from Del - Set in stone

These salary ranges are not set in stone and may vary based on a variety of factors. Additionally, these ranges may not reflect the full range of salaries available in the field, but are an average of what he has seen in his time in the Japan market.

So what does it take to become a data professional in Japan?

Basic Requirements for Data Analysts, Data Scientists, Data Engineers, and AI/ML Engineers in Japan ✅

TL;DR

• Master's or PhD in AI is helpful for big companies

• Industry experience

• Soft & Technical Skills: Communication, database, programming, and machine learning

These requirements will vary depending on the company, but here are some guidelines to keep in mind.

1. Education Requirements:
   For the most part, you'll need at least a Bachelor's degree in a related field to work in data-related positions in Japan. However, having a Master's degree in AI would be great, and for bigger name companies. A PhD in Statistical Analysis could set you apart from other applicants.
   

2. Industry Experience:
   Having experience in the field, specifically in computer vision or data science, can give you a significant advantage in securing a job in Japan. Employers are looking for a strong track record in specific areas of expertise. You could make a stronger case if you have industry experience, including internships or work-study programs.
   

3. Soft Skills:
   For Data Analysts, it's essential to have strong communication skills since you'll need to communicate with both technical and non-technical people. You'll need to be able to translate complex technical concepts into terms that people without a technical background can understand.
   

4. Technical Skills:
   Data-related positions require a wide range of technical skills, including database skills, programming skills in languages such as R and Python, and knowledge of machine learning algorithms. Employers want you to be well-versed in database systems and able to manage and manipulate data effectively. Familiarity with R and Python is crucial, as well as the ability to apply machine learning algorithms to data sets to derive insights and make predictions.

These are the basic requirements for data related positions, but what about Japanese skills?

Language Requirments for Data Professionals and AI/ML Engineers in Japan 🔰

TL;DR

• Language skills vary by data job in Japan

• Data Analysts need advanced Japanese skills

• Data Scientists and ML Engineers may operate in English

The language skills you need vary depending on the specific position you're interested in.

Data Analyst

If you're looking to work as a Data Analyst in Japan, you'll likely need more advanced Japanese language skills than if you were in a Data Science or ML Engineering role. This is because Data Analysts are often required to communicate with clients and stakeholders in Japanese, and also work with Japanese language data sources.

Data Scientist or ML Engineer

If you're interested in pursuing a career as a Data Scientist or ML Engineer in Japan, you may be able to operate in English. This is because many companies in Japan use English as their primary language for technical discussions and project work, especially in the technology industry.

Research the language requirements for the specific job you're interested in. Be prepared to develop your language skills accordingly. Check job descriptions, company websites, or speak with us for more information on the language requirements for roles in Japan.

Quick note from Del - Learning Japanese

Learning Japanese will still be an advantage. It will help you better understand local business culture and communicate more effectively with colleagues and clients who are not fluent in English.

Beyond Japanese skills, what else can make a data professional thrive in Japan? Let’s take a look.

Essential Skills for Data Analysts, Data Scientists, Data Engineers, and ML Engineers in Japan 📈

TL;DR

• Data Analysis (Stats, visualization, cleaning)

• Engineering (Database, cloud computing)

• Presentation Skills

Del gave me the most important skills that you need to have in order to succeed in these roles. Compared with the basic requirement, these skills are highly valued by employers and will help you stand out from other applicants.

1. Data Analysis:
   As a Data Analyst or Data Scientist, you will be working with data on a daily basis. You need to be able to understand the type of data you are working with and know how to analyze it. This requires a solid understanding of statistical analysis, data visualization, and data cleaning. You should also be comfortable working with tools such as SQL, Excel, Python, and R.
   
   

2. Engineering Skills:
   This is obvious. You need to have strong engineering skills. This includes knowledge of database architecture, data warehousing, data integration, and data transformation. You should be comfortable working with cloud-based computing platforms such as AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure.
   
   

3. Presentation Skills:
   As an Analyst, you need to present your findings to clients or stakeholders i.e. you need strong presentation skills. This includes the ability to clearly communicate complex data to non-technical audiences. You should also be able to create compelling visualizations and reports that effectively showcase your insights.
   
   

4. Coding:
   For all of these roles, it is important to have a strong foundation in code. Knowledge of programming languages such as Python, R, and Java, and popular frameworks such as TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch.
   
   

5. Industry-Specific Knowledge:
   Depending on the industry you want to work in, you will need specific knowledge related to that industry. For example, if you work in finance, you need a knowledge of financial modeling and analysis. Similarly, if you work in the healthcare industry, you need to know medical terminologies and how to use clinical data.

Quick note from Del - Continuous learning

These skills evolve over time. Therefore, it is important to continuously learn the latest technologies and trends in the field.

Here are a few resources to get you started:

• r/MachineLearning

• Talking Machines podcast

• Data Machina Newsletter

Now that you know what it takes, let’s talk about what your days will look like as a Data Analyst, Data Scientist, Data Engineer, or ML Engineer in Japan.

Day-to-Day Tasks as a Data Analyst, Data Scientist, Data Engineer, or ML Engineer in Japan 📆

TL;DR

• Data Analyst: Clean data, analyze, create reports

• Data Scientist: Analyze, build models, present findings

• Data Engineer: Design pipelines, build infrastructure

• ML Engineer: Develop models, test, and integrate

If you're interested in working as a Data Analyst, Data Scientist, Data Engineer, or ML Engineer in Japan, you'll want to know what your day-to-day will look like. Here's what you can expect.

Data Analyst
As a Data Analyst in Japan, your day-to-day tasks include cleaning and organizing data, developing data models, and analyzing data using R or Python.

You'll work with large datasets using statistical analysis to identify trends and patterns. You will create reports and visualizations that communicate your findings to stakeholders. 

Data Scientist
As a Data Scientist in Japan, your day-to-day includes analyzing large datasets, building predictive models, and working with cross-functional teams to implement those models. Your skills in statistics, machine learning, and developing and implementing predictive models will solve business problems. You will be responsible for presenting your findings to stakeholders and making recommendations based on your analysis.

Data Engineer
As a Data Engineer in Japan, your day-to-day will include designing and implementing data pipelines, setting up data warehouses, and optimizing the performance of databases. You are responsible for building and maintaining the infrastructure that enables the collection, storage, and processing of large datasets. You will be working closely with Data Scientists and Analysts to ensure that they have access to the data they need to do their jobs.

ML Engineer
As an ML Engineer in Japan, your day-to-day tasks will be developing and training models, testing and evaluating their performance, and integrating them into production systems. You'll be designing, building, and deploying machine learning models that solve business problems. You will work closely with Data Scientists and Engineers to ensure that models are scalable, reliable, and maintainable.

If you're interested in pursuing a career in Data Analytics, Data Science, Data Engineering, or ML Engineering in Japan connect with us, we will be happy to help you get your footing in the market. Message us using this link!

This is all nice, but will you need to wear a suit?

Working Environment for data-related positions in Japan 👔

TL;DR

• Open culture: Freedom to express ideas, no dress code

• Unified goals: Shared mission, values, and collaboration

• Mission-driven impact: Improving lives through data

When it comes to data-related positions in Japan, the working environment offers a stimulating and innovative landscape where you can leverage cutting-edge machine learning techniques and tools to develop products that not only push the boundaries of technology but also make lives easier through the power of AI. The overarching goal is to create AI technologies that mimic human thinking and enhance productivity, all while keeping the end-users and the betterment of society in mind.

A Culture of Openness and Collaboration

Working in data-related positions in Japan means being part of an open culture that encourages the free expression of ideas and embraces new perspectives. You are not confined to a single technology or approach, but rather encouraged to explore and propose new ideas for innovative products. Whether you have a vision for groundbreaking solutions or want to contribute to the company's product roadmap, you are given the freedom to pitch your ideas and actively participate in shaping the organization's direction.

Dress for Success, Unless...

In this forward-thinking environment, dress codes are generally relaxed, reflecting a more casual and comfortable atmosphere. Unless you have important client meetings or formal occasions, there is no stringent dress code to adhere to. This flexibility allows you to focus on your work and contribute effectively while enjoying a relaxed and inclusive work environment.

Common Goals and Values

Creating a positive and harmonious working environment is a top priority in data-related positions. The aim is to foster a sense of camaraderie and collaboration among team members who are all working towards the same goals, sharing common values and a mission-driven mindset. By aligning efforts towards creating innovative products and making a tangible impact on society, you will find yourself surrounded by like-minded individuals, collectively striving to achieve a productive and fulfilling professional experience.

Making a Difference through Data

Working for a mission-driven company in the data field means having the opportunity to contribute to improving products and, consequently, enhancing the lives of individuals across the globe. These organizations are dedicated to delivering valuable and impactful services, particularly catering to small businesses. By leveraging data and providing cloud-based solutions, they seek to empower small businesses and enable their growth. As a member of such a company, your work directly aligns with a higher purpose and contributes to building a more productive and prosperous society.

How to get a Data Related job in Japan

Resume Tips for Data Analysts, Data Scientists, Data Engineers, and ML Engineers in Japan 📄

TL;DR

• Tailor your resume to job

• Highlight relevant technologies

• Showcase past contributions

When applying to be a Data Professional, your resume is your chance to make a first impression on an employer.

Here are 4 tips to help you make your resume shine:

1. Customize your resume for each job application
   One of the most important things you can do when applying for a job in Japan is to tailor your resume to the specific job you're applying for. Review the job description carefully. Make sure that your resume highlights the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. If the job listing mentions specific technologies, languages, or frameworks, be sure to focus on your experience with them.
   

2. Highlight your experience with relevant technologies
   In Japan, many job listings for data professionals include a laundry list of technologies. While it's important to have experience with as many of these technologies as possible, it's equally important to make sure that your resume highlights your experience with the ones that are most relevant to the job. If you've worked with a technology that's mentioned in the job description, be sure to mention it on your resume and describe what you did with it.
   

3. Showcase your contributions to past projects
   When describing your past work experience, don't just list your job duties. Instead, highlight the specific contributions you made to past projects. If you were part of a team, describe what you did to contribute to the team's success.
   

4. Write a strong cover letter
   In Japan, it's common for job applicants to include a cover letter with their resume. Explain why you're interested in the company and how your skills and experience make you a fit. Reference specific technologies or products that the company works with, and explain why you're excited about the prospect of working with them. This will demonstrate that you've done your research and are genuinely interested in the company.

Example Resume

Coding Test Tips for Data Analysts, Data Scientists, Data Engineers, and ML Engineers in Japan 💻

TL;DR

• Optimize solution

• Consider memory & computing

• Avoid brute force

If you're looking to work as a Data Analyst, Data Scientist, Data Engineer, or ML Engineer in Japan, you should be prepared to take a coding test as part of the interview process.

Del gave the example of a person applying to a Japanese robotics company. This person was given a technical assignment involving moving robotic containers into storage. The coding challenge required the analyst to develop an optimized solution that used less computing power and memory. In the end, the person failed because they did not follow the 4 tips below. Del learned from that experience and is now sharing those learnings with you. (How sweet! Tell Del ‘thank you’ on LinkedIn by using this link!)

Here are 5 coding test tips that can help you prepare to perform your best.

1. Review the optimized solution:
   When you're given a coding challenge, don't just stop at the first solution you come up with. Take the time to review and optimize your solution to make it more efficient. This shows that you have a deep understanding of the problem and can come up with creative solutions.
   

2. Think about memory and computing power:
   When you're working on a coding challenge, consider how much memory and computing power your solution will use. This is particularly important when working with large datasets or when dealing with computationally intensive tasks.
   

3. Don't rely on brute force:
   Avoid relying on brute force solutions, which are inefficient and can use up a lot of computing power and memory. Try to come up with a more elegant and efficient solution.
   

4. Explain yourself:
   If you don’t know, admit it. It is fine if you do not know how to best handle the situation. What is more important is to show your ability to learn on the fly by asking questions, getting a better grasp of the situation, and if all else fails demonstrate how you would behave if you encountered a difficult situation on the job. What sources do you use when you are stuck in real life?
   

5. Practice, practice, practice:
   The more you practice coding challenges, the more comfortable you will be with the process. Look for online resources or practice problems to help you improve your skills and build your confidence.

If you are looking to get help preparing for a coding test in Japan, message us using this link!

Interview Tips for Data Analysts, Data Scientists, Data Engineers, and ML Engineers in Japan 🤝

TL;DR

• Research the company

• Practice explaining your experience

• Showcase communication skills

• Talk about how you learn

You need to understand the pros and cons of different tech stacks and programming languages, even if you haven't had direct experience with them. This way you can demonstrate your ability to learn new technologies quickly and adapt to the changing demands of the industry.

3 Examples

Think of three examples of projects you worked on for each tech stack and programming language. Then list what went well, what didn't go well, how you overcame challenges, and what you learned. This approach will allow you to demonstrate your technical proficiency while highlighting your problem-solving and communication skills.

Here are 4 additional interview tips to help you succeed.

1. Research the company:
   Before the first interview, research the company and its mission. This will enable you to ask informed questions and demonstrate your interest in the company.
   

2. Be prepared to explain your experience:
   During the interview, be prepared to explain your experience and how it relates to the position. Provide specific examples of projects you've worked on and the impact you've had.
   

3. Highlight your communication skills:
   Effective communication is essential in any role, particularly in data-related positions. Showcase your ability to explain technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders and how you've effectively communicated with team members.
   

4. Be flexible:
   Companies in Japan often value employees who can adapt to changing situations and take on new challenges. Be prepared to discuss your ability to learn new technologies and take on new responsibilities.

Real Data Engineer Interview Questions 📋

Knowledge Assessment Interview Questions:

1. In the context of machine learning, can you explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning? Provide examples of each.

2. Probability theory is fundamental to many aspects of machine learning. How comfortable are you with probability concepts such as conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, and random variables?

3. What statistical techniques or tests have you utilized in your machine learning projects? Can you explain how and when you applied them?

4. Feature engineering is an important step in machine learning. How do you approach selecting and creating features for a given problem? Can you provide examples of feature engineering techniques you have used in the past?

5. Model evaluation and validation are critical in machine learning. How do you assess the performance of a machine learning model? What evaluation metrics do you consider, and why?

6. Can you explain the bias-variance tradeoff in machine learning and its impact on model performance? How have you managed this tradeoff in your previous projects?

7. Have you worked with any specific machine learning algorithms or frameworks? Which ones are you most comfortable with, and why?

8. How do you handle imbalanced datasets in machine learning? Can you describe techniques or strategies you have employed to address this issue?

9. Explain the concept of overfitting in machine learning. How do you identify and mitigate overfitting in your models?

10. Can you discuss any experience you have had with time series analysis or forecasting? What techniques or models did you use, and what were the challenges you faced?

Coding Challenge Interview Questions:

1. Can you walk me through your approach to solving the coding challenge? Specifically, how did you review the optimized solution and avoid relying solely on brute force?

2. In terms of computing power and memory usage, how did you optimize your solution? Can you explain the techniques you employed to reduce resource consumption?

3. During the coding round, you were evaluated on Spark, low-level system design, and data structures. Could you provide examples of how you applied these concepts in your solution?

4. How did you demonstrate your problem-solving skills during the coding round? Can you describe a particularly challenging problem you encountered and how you tackled it?

High-Level Design Interview Questions:

1. In your previous project, what was the most complex problem you encountered? Could you explain how you approached and solved it?

2. When starting a new project, how do you go about understanding its requirements and developing a project strategy? How do you structure your thoughts to ensure a comprehensive understanding?

3. Regarding latency, can you share how you determined and addressed latency issues in your previous projects? What strategies did you employ to optimize latency?

4. System scaling is crucial for handling increasing demands. Can you describe how you scaled a system in a previous project? Did you utilize any mathematical models or approaches to arrive at your design solutions? How did you ensure both low latency and high output?

Final Interview Questions:

1. How do you assess your own culture fit within a team or organization? What characteristics or values do you believe are important for a successful team dynamic?

2. Could you share examples of situations where you demonstrated maturity and leadership in your previous roles or projects?

3. Understanding the business and product as a whole is essential for effective decision-making. How do you approach gaining a comprehensive understanding of the business and product you're working on?

Ready to become a Data Professional in Japan? Message us using this link!

5. Project Managers and Product Manager - Thomas Simmons

Market Info: Project Managers, Product Managers, Program Managers, and Product Owners in Japan 🇯🇵

Japan Market Info: Project Managers, Product Managers, Program Managers, and Product Owners in Japan
TL;DR

• Japan seeks project/product/program managers

• Hiring in large corps & startups

• IT, finance & manufacturing industries

To learn all the need-to-know info about becoming a PM in Japan I spoke with industry vet and manager of our Developers and Creatives teams, Thomas Simmons. Thomas boasts a career spanning over a decade in Japan and he has helped generations of PMs, PdMs, TPMs, PO, PdOs, PMOs, and other acronyms that start with ‘P’ get hired.

Here is what he had to say:

When it comes to the types of companies hiring, both large multinational corporations and smaller startups are hiring professionals with project management, product management, program management, and product ownership experience. There are plenty of international players, but if you want an entrepreneurial environment there are also startups. Working in a startup means you will make a significant impact on the business and take on more responsibility.

In addition to startups, some of Japan's most well-known corporations are also looking for PMs. For example, companies such as Sony, Panasonic, and Toshiba, are all recruiting for product management and program management roles.

Let’s take a look at some of the positions available in the market.

Job Titles and Responsibilities: The Various Project and Product Manager Roles Available in Japan 👩‍💼

TL;DR

• Project Manager

• TPM

• Product Manager / Owner

• Business Analyst

• Producer

Here are the most common job titles you'll come across in Japan.

1. Project Manager
   The project manager role is a popular one in Japan, just like in many other countries. As a project manager in Japan, you will be responsible for planning, executing, and monitoring projects from start to finish. You will need to work closely with your team members, stakeholders, and clients to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the satisfaction of all parties involved.
   
   

2. Technical Product Manager
   As a technical product manager in Japan, you will be responsible for managing the development and launch of a company's products. You will need to have a deep understanding of the technical aspects of the product and be able to communicate with the development team to ensure that the product is being built to the required specifications. Check out our deep dive on this position here! Or the video we made on our youtube channel! Or the 5 skills you need to get hired as a TPM here! (Sorry, I couldn’t resist, rule of 3’s and all)
   
   

3. Junior Project Manager and Associate Product Manager
   These entry-level roles are a great starting point for those looking to break into the project or product management field in Japan. As a junior project manager or associate product manager, you will be responsible for supporting the senior project and product managers on various projects.
   
   

4. Product Owner
   As a product owner in Japan, you will be responsible for overseeing the development of a specific product. This role requires you to work closely with the development team, stakeholders, and customers to ensure that the product meets everyone's requirements.
   
   

5. Business Analyst (BA)
   As a business analyst in Japan, you will be responsible for gathering and analyzing business requirements. You will work closely with each team to identify areas of improvement and opportunities for growth.
   
   

6. Program Manager
   This term was popularized by Microsoft. As a program manager in Japan, you will oversee a series of related projects. You will work with the project managers of each individual project to make sure the overall direction is on course.
   
   

7. Producer
   In companies like Rakuten, the producer role is similar to that of a project or business analyst. As a producer, you will work with the development team and business team to create services to suit your customer’s needs.

Quick note from Thomas - Leadership

Each role varies in responsibilities, but you will need strong communication, leadership, and problem-solving skills in each.

You get it

You are probably already working in the industry, what you really came here to see was how much money you could make in Japan, right?

Salary Ranges: Project and Product Manager Positions in Japan 💴

TL;DR

• Salaries based on experience

• Range from 5-6M to 20M+ JPY

• Non-Japanese can negotiate higher

Thomas broke down the different levels of project and product management roles from most junior to most senior and provide salary ranges for each position.

Junior Project Manager and Associate Product Manager:

If you are just starting out in project or product management, you can expect a salary range of around 5-6 million yen per year. These positions typically require some experience or education in the field but are considered entry-level roles.

Product Owner and Business Analyst:

As you gain more experience in the field, you can expect to move up to positions that come with a salary range of around 6-9 million yen per year. These require more specialized knowledge and experience in product development and management.

Project Manager and Technical Product Manager:

The next level up is the project manager and technical product manager roles, which come with a salary range of around 8-11 million yen per year. These positions require strong leadership skills and technical knowledge of product development processes.

Program Manager:

For those with extensive experience in project and product management, program manager roles typically come with a salary range of around 10-14 million yen per year. These positions require a deep understanding of complex program management processes and the ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously.

Product Manager and Producer:

Product manager and producer roles are the most senior positions in the field, with a salary range of around 7-20 million yen per year depending on the level of specialization and experience as well as the budget of the company you are applying to. These positions require a wide range of skills, including knowledge of multiple languages, specialized areas of expertise, and the ability to manage large teams.

PMO - Project Management Officer:

Finally, there is the PMO or project management officer role, which typically comes with a salary range of around 20 million+ yen per year. This position requires a strong understanding of project management processes and the ability to provide guidance and support to project managers and teams.

Quick note from Thomas - No Japanese negotiations

These salary ranges are estimates based on his experience and will vary depending on the company, industry, and level of experience. Additionally, non-Japanese applicants may be able to negotiate higher salaries in some cases.

Basic Requirements for Project and Product Managers in Japan ✅

TL;DR

• Entry Level PM/APM: 1-2yrs exp, Agile, Japanese, communication

• PM: cross-functional teams, Agile, leadership, large projects, Japanese

• PdM: 3+yrs exp, product lifecycle, analytical, strategic, Agile, communication, Japanese

• TPM: 5+yrs exp, tech expertise, Agile, communication, leadership, Japanese.

• PO: 3+yrs exp, Agile, analytical, communication, collaboration, Japanese.

• PMO: 5+yrs exp, Agile, organizational, analytical, communication, Japanese.

From a junior project manager to a senior producer, each position has unique requirements that you should be prepared to meet.

Junior Project Manager and Associate Product Manager

If you're just starting your career as a project manager or in product management, consider applying for a junior project manager or associate product manager position.

Here is what you need:

• 1-2 years of experience in a similar role.

• Knowledge of Agile methodologies.

• Strong communication skills.

• Ability to manage small projects and tasks.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Project Manager

To be considered for a project manager position, you should have:

• 3+ years of experience in project management.

• Experience in leading and managing cross-functional teams.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Strong communication, leadership, and organizational skills.

• Ability to manage large and complex projects.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Product Manager

To be considered for a product manager position have:

• 3+ years of experience in product management.

• Experience in defining and delivering products from ideation to launch.

• Strong analytical, strategic, and problem-solving skills.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Strong communication and collaboration skills.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Technical Product Manager

A technical product manager position requires a combination of technical expertise and product management skills.

To be considered for this position, you should have:

• 5+ years of experience in product management or technical roles.

• Strong technical skills in software development, data analytics, or other relevant areas.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Strong communication, collaboration, and leadership skills.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Product Owner

As a product owner, you will be responsible for defining and prioritizing the product backlog.

To be considered for this position, you should have:

• 3+ years of experience in product management or related roles.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills.

• Strong communication and collaboration skills.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

PMO - Project Management Officer

As a PMO, you will be responsible for providing support to project managers and ensuring the smooth execution of projects.

To be considered for this position, you should have:

• 5+ years of experience in project management or related roles.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Strong organizational, analytical, and problem-solving skills.

• Strong communication and collaboration skills.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Business Analyst (BA)

As a business analyst, you will be responsible for analyzing business requirements and translating them into technical specifications.

To be considered for this position, you should have:

• 3+ years of experience in business analysis or related roles.

• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills.

• Strong communication and collaboration skills.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Program Manager

As a program manager, you will be responsible for managing a portfolio of projects and ensuring their alignment with organizational goals. You should have:

• 7+ years of experience in project or program management.

• Experience in managing large and complex projects or programs.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Strong communication, collaboration, and leadership skills.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Producer (Rakuten)

As a producer at Rakuten, you will be responsible for overseeing the development and launch of new products and services. To be considered for this position, you need:

• 5+ years of experience in product management or related roles.

• Strong knowledge of the Japanese market and consumer behavior.

• Strong leadership, communication, and collaboration skills.

• Experience in Agile methodologies.

• Business-level Japanese language proficiency.

Language Requirements for PMs and PdMs in Japan 🔰

TL;DR

• Fluency in Japanese is required

Fluency in Japanese is often a requirement for project and product management positions in Japan. You will be working with cross-functional teams that include Japanese-speaking stakeholders, customers, and colleagues. Being able to speak, read, and write Japanese at a business level will help you communicate effectively.

Skills to Thrive as a PM or PdM in Japan 📈

TL;DR

• Must understand Agile methodology

• Bilingual in English & Japanese

• Engineering, UX, and communication skills

Let’s go beyond the basics and explore the skills that will help you thrive in this role.

1. Agile:
   First and foremost, you need to have a good understanding of Agile methodology. Agile emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and continuous improvement, and is essential for effective project and product management.
   

2. Bilingual:
   Being bilingual in English and Japanese is a critical skill that can give you an edge in the job market. Being able to communicate effectively in both languages is essential when working with a multicultural team and stakeholders.
   

3. Engineering Background:
   Having an engineering background is also crucial, especially if you have experience with backend, frontend, web engineering, or mobile engineering. Also, many infrastructure engineers, DevOps, and SRE move into project management roles.
   

4. User Experience:
   Product management requires a strong focus on user experience. Your ability to convey user needs and design requirements to the teams who will be creating the products is essential to the success of the product.
   

5. Communication Ability:
   Being able to communicate complex technical information to non-technical stakeholders is critical. Your ability to communicate your technical ideas will be just as important as your technical skills.

Day-to-day of Project and Product Managers in Japan 📆

TL;DR

• Junior Project Manager: Support project planning and reporting.

• Associate Product Manager: Conduct market research and coordinate product development.

• Product Manager: Define requirements, manage backlog, and execute roadmap.

• Product Owner: Refine backlog, review work, and represent customer needs.

• Project Manager: Ensure project delivery and stakeholder communication.

• Business Analyst (BA): Document requirements and facilitate understanding.

• Technical Product Manager: Translate business to technical specs and manage roadmap.

• Program Manager: Oversee multiple projects, manage risks, and communicate status.

• PMO (Project Management Officer): Develop standards, support project managers, and monitor performance.

• Producer (Rakuten): Lead teams, manage schedules and budgets, ensure quality.

• Design Product Manager: Drive user experience and interface design.

• Backend Product Manager: Manage technical requirements and collaborate with developers.

Wow. That is the longest TL;DR section I have ever seen, so you can imagine how long the ‘Did Read’ section is going to be.

Let’s get into it:

Junior Project Manager

As a Junior Project Manager, your role will be to support the Project Manager in ensuring that projects are delivered on time, within budget, and to the expected quality. You will be responsible for tasks such as scheduling meetings, taking minutes, and updating project plans. You wil be asked to assist with risk and issue management, as well as preparing project status reports.

Associate Product Manager

As an Associate Product Manager, you will work closely with the Product Manager to develop and execute the product strategy. Your day-to-day tasks will include conducting market research, analyzing user feedback, and coordinating with cross-functional teams to ensure that products are developed according to customer needs. You will also be responsible for managing the product backlog and ensuring that priorities are aligned with the product roadmap.

Product Manager

As a Product Manager, your role is to be the voice of the customer and ensure that the product meets their needs. Your day-to-day tasks will include defining product requirements, managing the product backlog, and working with cross-functional teams to ensure that products are developed according to customer needs. You will also be responsible for developing and executing the product roadmap, prioritizing product features, and conducting user research to inform product decisions.

Product Owner

As a Product Owner, your day-to-day tasks will include refining the product backlog, reviewing and accepting completed work, and communicating with stakeholders on product progress and release plans. Your role is to represent the customer and ensure that the product meets their needs. You will work closely with the development team to define and prioritize user stories, as well as provide guidance on product design and functionality. 

Project Manager

As a Project Manager, you are the glue that holds everything together. You will be responsible for ensuring that projects are delivered on time, within budget, and to the expected quality. Your day-to-day tasks will include leading daily stand-up meetings, monitoring project progress, identifying and mitigating risks and issues, and communicating with stakeholders on project status and issues. You will also be responsible for managing the project budget, developing project plans, and ensuring that project teams are working together effectively.

Business Analyst (BA)

As a Business Analyst, your day-to-day tasks will include documenting requirements, facilitating workshops and meetings, and ensuring that the development team has a clear understanding of the requirements. Your role is to analyze business requirements and translate them into functional specifications for the development team. You will work closely with stakeholders to gather requirements, identify gaps and areas for improvement, and develop use cases and user stories.

Technical Product Manager

As a Technical Product Manager, your role is to bridge the gap between the technical team and the business stakeholders. Your day-to-day tasks will include translating business requirements into technical specifications, managing the technical roadmap, and ensuring that the development team is delivering according to the technical requirements. You will also be responsible for conducting technical feasibility studies and providing guidance on technology trends and best practices.

Program Manager

As a Program Manager, your role is to oversee the delivery of multiple projects that are related or interdependent. Your day-to-day tasks will include monitoring project progress across the program, identifying and mitigating risks and issues, and communicating with stakeholders on program status and issues. You will also be responsible for managing the program budget, developing program plans, and ensuring that project teams are working together effectively.

PMO - Project Management Officer

As a PMO, your role is to provide governance and oversight across the project portfolio. Your day-to-day will include developing and maintaining project management standards and processes, providing training and support to project managers, and ensuring that project management best practices are being followed. You will also be responsible for monitoring project performance across the portfolio and providing regular reports to senior management.

Producer (Rakuten)

As a Producer at Rakuten, your role is to oversee the development and delivery of products and services. Your day-to-day tasks will include leading cross-functional teams, managing project schedules and budgets, and ensuring that products are delivered on time, within budget, and to the expected quality. You will also define product roadmaps, develop and execute product strategies, and conduct market research to identify new opportunities.

Quick Note from Thomas - Design or Backend
When it comes to finding a Product Manager position in Japan, you should know that clients are looking for either a Design Lead Product Manager or a Backend Lead Product Manager. 

As a Design Lead Product Manager, you should have a strong understanding of user experience and user interface design. You should also have the ability to communicate design ideas effectively to both design and development teams.

On the other hand, if you are a Backend Lead Product Manager, you should possess a deep technical understanding of the product's infrastructure and architecture. You should also have the ability to work closely with software engineers to ensure the product is scalable, maintainable, and performant.

In Japan, many companies are looking for product managers with a combination of both design and technical skills, however, the specific requirements may vary depending on the company and the product they are developing. 

Be sure to clarify that the requirements match the type of positions you are looking for.

Working Environment for Project or Product Managers in Japan 👔

TL;DR

• COVID-19 forced companies to shift to remote work

• Remote work skills like team management, Agile methodologies, and cloud-based collaboration are in demand

• Full remote work is becoming less common again

Before COVID-19, Japanese companies tended to have a traditional work culture with a focus on in-person interactions and face-to-face communication. In dealing with the pandemic, companies had to shift to remote work to ensure employee safety. According to Thomas, this change opened up new opportunities for project and product managers in Japan.

During the pandemic, the use of digital communication tools and remote work technology became increasingly common in Japanese companies. As a result, the skills and experience required for project and product managers have changed. Thomas explained that Japanese companies are now looking for individuals who have experience with remote team management, agile methodologies, and cloud-based collaboration tools.

However, as the pandemic subsides, Japanese companies are starting to return to their traditional work culture. Thomas notes that some companies are eager to return to in-person work to restore the sense of community that was lost during the pandemic. This means that if you are considering working as a project or product manager in Japan, you should be prepared for a potential hybrid work environment that combines both in-person and remote work.

So, how do you get a PM job in Japan?

How to get a PdM or PM job in Japan

Resume Tips for Project and Product Managers in Japan 📄

TL;DR

• Highlight Your Experience and Accomplishments

• Tailor Your Resume to the Role

• Be Specific and Quantify Your Achievements

• Show Your Knowledge of the Japanese Market

• Emphasize Your Communication Skills

• Include Relevant Certifications and Education

Here are 6 of the best resume tips for landing a PM or PdM job in Japan:

1. Highlight Your Experience and Accomplishments:
   One of the most important things to include in your resume is a clear summary of your relevant work experience that showcases your accomplishments. Make sure you emphasize your experience in managing projects or products and highlight any notable successes or achievements. This is particularly important for product managers, who will be expected to demonstrate a track record of successfully launching products and driving growth.
   

2. Tailor Your Resume to the Role:
   It's crucial that you tailor your resume to the specific role you're applying for. This means highlighting the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. For example, if you're applying for a back-end product manager role, make sure you emphasize your technical skills and experience working with software development teams, whereas if you are applying for a design lead product, include a portfolio of products you have designed and the UX/UI theory behind each one.
   

3. Be Specific and Quantify Your Achievements:
   When describing your experience and accomplishments, be specific and quantify your achievements wherever possible. This means using concrete numbers and statistics to demonstrate the impact of your work. For example, if you were responsible for increasing revenue for a product, include the percentage increase in your resume.
   

4. Show Your Knowledge of the Japanese Market:
   If you're applying for a role in Japan, it's important to demonstrate your understanding of the Japanese market. This means highlighting any experience working with Japanese clients or customers, as well as any knowledge you have of Japanese culture and business practices. This is particularly important for design product managers, who will be expected to have a deep understanding of the preferences and needs of Japanese users.
   

5. Emphasize Your Communication Skills:
   Effective communication is essential for both project and product managers, and this is especially true in Japan. Make sure you highlight your communication skills in your resume, including any experience working with multicultural teams or managing projects across different time zones. For design product managers, it's also important to demonstrate your ability to effectively communicate design concepts and ideas.
   

6. Include Relevant Certifications and Education:
   Finally, make sure you include any relevant certifications or education in your resume. This is particularly important for back-end product managers, who will be expected to have technical expertise. Additionally, any experience with agile methodologies or project management certifications can be a real asset for project managers.

Below is the skeleton of a resume that you can fill in with your own skeletal muscle tissue.

Example Product Manager Resume

Coding Test Tips for PMs in Japan 💻

How to Pass the Coding Test for Project and Product Managers in Japan

TL;DR

• 80% of the time there will be no coding test

• Practice with real-world problems

• Communication is key

• Familiarize yourself with Japanese terminology

For Project and Product Managers, coding tests can be rare and are only used when hiring for backend lead products. 

Just in case you encounter one in your interview process, I asked Thomas for 5 tips on how to pass the coding test for project and product managers in Japan.

1. Practice with real-world problems:
   While many online resources offer coding exercises, you should focus on real-world problems that project and product managers may face. Simmons suggests practicing with problems related to designing and implementing project management tools, tracking user metrics, or analyzing user behavior. This will not only help you prepare for the test but also give you a better understanding of what you may encounter on the job.
   

2. Work on your communication skills:
   In addition to your technical skills, communication skills are crucial for project and product managers in Japan. Simmons emphasizes the importance of being able to explain your thought process and solutions to non-technical stakeholders. Practice presenting your solutions in a clear and concise manner and be prepared to answer questions about your approach.
   

3. Familiarize yourself with Japanese terminology:
   While many tech companies in Japan use English as their primary language, being familiar with Japanese technical terms can give you an edge. Simmons recommends learning common technical terms related to project and product management, such as agile development methodologies and Kanban boards.
   

4. Collaborate with others:
   Project and product management roles require collaboration with cross-functional teams. Simmons suggests participating in coding challenges or hackathons with a diverse group of professionals to improve your teamwork and communication skills. Additionally, working with others will give you exposure to different coding styles and techniques.
   

5. Be confident and stay calm:
   Finally, remember to stay confident and calm during the coding test. Take your time to understand the problem and ask questions if you need clarification. Avoid rushing through the test and be sure to double-check your solutions before submitting them.

Interview Tips for Project and Product Managers in Japan 🤝

TL;DR

• Understand the Cultural Differences

• Highlight Your Soft Skills

• Show Your Interest in Japanese Culture

• Emphasize Your Adaptability

If you are considering positions in Japan, you may be wondering how the interview process differs from that of the West. After all, cultural differences can play a significant role in the hiring process.

Thomas Simmons has extensive experience working with both Japanese and foreign companies and offers 4 insights into how to succeed in your project or product manager interview in Japan.

1. Understand the Cultural Differences:
   Understand is that the interview process in Japan is different from what you may be used to in the West. For example, Japanese companies often place a greater emphasis on group dynamics and cultural fit than on technical skills alone.

   This means that during your interview, you may be asked questions about your hobbies, interests, and even your family life. While these questions may seem unrelated to the job, they are used to gauge how well you will fit in with the company culture.
   

2. Highlight Your Soft Skills:
   Japanese companies place a significant emphasis on soft skills such as communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. During your interview, be sure to highlight your ability to work effectively in a team and your experience in managing projects and people.

   One tip that Thomas suggests is to provide specific examples of times when you have successfully collaborated with others to achieve a common goal. This could be anything from leading a cross-functional team to completing a difficult project to resolving a conflict within a team.
   

3. Show Your Interest in Japanese Culture:
   Japanese companies are often proud of their culture and heritage, and showing an interest in Japanese culture can go a long way in your interview. This could be as simple as demonstrating your knowledge of Japanese customs and traditions.
   

4. Emphasize Your Adaptability:
   Demonstrate your ability to adapt to new situations and work in a fast-paced, dynamic environment. Japanese companies are known for their high standards and demanding work culture, so you need to show that you are up for the challenge.

   To do this, highlight your experience working in diverse and multicultural teams. This could be anything from leading a team of developers from different countries to collaborating with clients from around the world.

Ready to launch your career as a Product Manager in Japan? Message us using this link!

I hope this section has been helpful in preparing you for your interview, if you are curious about senior leadership positions in Japan, read on!

6. CTO, Executive level, Senior leadership

Market Trends and Info for Senior Engineering Leadership and CTOs in Japan 🇯🇵

TL;DR

• CTO positions are rare, often in startups or larger organizations

• Startups usually have 2 founders, with one becoming the CTO

• Larger organizations divide responsibilities between CIO and CTO

If you are a senior engineering leader or a CTO considering opportunities in Japan, it is important to be aware of the current job market trends and information. 

To learn about the recent trends I spoke with Bryan Cheng, who has been working in this market for over 10 years. 

Here is what he had to say:

First, you should know that CTO level positions are rare unless a CTO is leaving or stepping down from the position. Bryan identified two main types of companies, startups, and larger organizations, that typically hire for these senior level positions.

Startups are usually small around 2 - 5 five people, with two of them being the founders. One of the founders becomes the CEO, and the other takes on the role of CTO. As the company grows things can become challenging for a CTO, if you have limited experience in managing people.

For example, if you are purely a programmer, it can be easy to lose focus and not know what to do. It can also be challenging to find someone to mentor you. Investors can act a mentor for a time, but they will not be available forever.

Moving on

As the startup grows to 10 - 20 people, often the CTO will request to move out of the position that involves people management. 

Alternatively, the company may hire a person to manage the engineering team. If you are that person, your title will be VPOE or VP of Engineering. You will report to the CTO, with the engineering teams reporting to you. This structure allows the CTO to focus on R&D, strategic technology planning, and infrastructure-related responsibilities without having to manage people.

For larger organizations, the position will be divided into several roles. We already talked about VPOE, so let’s go over the responsibilities for a CIO, or Chief Information Officer. As a CIO, you will be more focused on internal IT, security, network, servers, and anything related to internal applications and tools that are used within the company. The CTO will be responsible for external products and driving them to the next level.

If you are interested in a CTO position in a foreign company, it is important to note that the CTO will typically be overseas. However, if you are looking for a CTO position in Japan, startups are the best place to look.

Senior Leadership Job Titles and Responsibilities 👩‍💼

TL;DR

• CTO

• VPOE

• CIO

• Director of Engineering

• Engineering Manager

• Tech Lead

• Site Lead

As a senior engineering leader or CTO in Japan, you may encounter various job titles and positions. Here are some of the most common job titles you might come across:

1. CTO (Chief Technology Officer):
   As a CTO, you are responsible for representing your company's technology and pitching it to clients. You have client-facing responsibilities and must oversee technology implementation. In some cases, you may even pitch better than your CEO, making their contribution to winning new business crucial.
   
   

2. VPOE (Vice President of Engineering):
   If you are a VPOE, your main responsibility is to ensure the engineering team's performance aligns with the company's technology strategy. You oversee multiple teams and ensure resource allocation and delivery timelines meet expectations. You report directly to the CTO.
   
   

3. CIO (Chief Information Officer):
   To be a CIO is to manage internal IT infrastructure and security, including network and servers. Your position is mainly focused on internal applications and tools used by the company.
   
   

4. Director of Engineering:
   As a Director of Engineering, you oversee multiple teams and ensure they align with the company's technology strategy. You receive requests from the CTO and manage multiple engineering managers.
   
   

5. Engineering Manager:
   If you are an Engineering Manager, you are responsible for a team of typically 5-6 engineers. You must optimize the team's development process and ensure they meet the company's expectations.
   
   

6. Tech Lead:
   As a Tech Lead, you lead a team in a particular area of technology. This is not a management role, but a leadership position that requires strong technical skills and the ability to guide the team.
   
   

7. Site Lead:
   Your responsibility as a Site Lead is the technology of a particular region or ‘site’. You ensure the team's performance meets the company's expectations and that the technology strategy is executed efficiently.

Quick note from Bryan - Small Companies

Small companies have to rely on fewer senior engineering leaders to oversee multiple responsibilities, so the position segmentation is not as clear-cut. As a senior engineering leader or CTO, understanding each job title's responsibilities will help you manage your team efficiently and ensure the company's technology strategy is executed efficiently.

CTO Salary Ranges in Japan 💴

TL;DR

• Startup salaries low, with stock options

• Mid-stage salaries: 15-20M JPY

• CTO at larger firms: >$5M/yr

When considering senior engineering leadership and CTO roles at startups in Japan, it's important to be aware that salaries can be relatively low, ranging from 10 million to 12 million yen. However, you may receive a similar amount in stock options. For example, you would be offered a base salary of 10 million yen and an additional 10 million yen in stock options. If the startup is successful and goes public, that payout could be significant.

Mid-Stage

For mid-stage startups, salaries can range from 15 million to 20 million yen, while later-stage startups with solid backing may offer salaries in the range of 20 million to 30 million yen, not including stock options. Keep in mind that the earlier you join the startup, the higher your stock options will be. Typically, when joining a startup, you are looking for an exit with a big payout on the stock options.

Big Players

When it comes to larger companies globally, the salary expectations for senior engineering leadership positions are much higher. As a CTO or VP of Engineering, you can expect to earn upwards of 5 million dollars annually. This is a significant increase from the salaries offered by startups, but it's important to note that larger companies may also have more rigid salary structures and less room for negotiation.

Additionally, it's important to consider the cost of living in Japan, which can be high in certain areas, when evaluating your salary expectations. Ultimately, when considering a job offer, you should weigh the salary and benefits package against the cost of living and your personal financial goals.

Basic Requirements for CTOs in Japan ✅

TL;DR

• Strong Technical Skills

• Business Acumen

• People Management Skills

• Cultural Fit

• Experience 

When applying for senior engineering leadership and CTO positions in Japan, there are several basic requirements that you should meet to increase your chances of success. These include:

1. Strong technical skills:
   As a CTO, you will be expected to have a deep understanding of the technical aspects of your company's products and services. You should have a solid background in software development and be comfortable working with various programming languages, frameworks, and tools.
   

2. Business acumen:
   To succeed as a senior engineering leader, you must have a good grasp of business strategy and be able to align technical decisions with the company's goals. You should be able to communicate effectively with stakeholders across the organization and understand how technical decisions can impact the bottom line.
   

3. People management skills:
   As you move up the ranks in your engineering career, you will be expected to lead and manage teams effectively. You should have experience managing teams of engineers, mentoring junior developers, and resolving conflicts. You should also have experience recruiting and retaining talent.
   

4. Cultural fit:
   It's important to fit in with the company culture and values when applying for senior engineering leadership and CTO positions. Japanese companies typically value teamwork, collaboration, and respect for hierarchy. You should demonstrate that you are a good fit for the company culture during the interview process by highlighting your experience working in similar environments.
   

5. Experience:
   While education is certainly important and can support your career growth, experience matters more when it comes to senior engineering leadership positions and CTO roles. You should have a proven track record of success in technical leadership positions, demonstrating your ability to lead teams, solve complex technical challenges, and drive innovation. You should also have experience working with startups or large organizations, depending on the type of company you are interested in.

By meeting these basic requirements, you can position yourself as a strong candidate for senior engineering leadership and CTO positions in Japan. Keep in mind that different companies may have additional requirements or preferences, so be sure to research the company and job description thoroughly before applying.

Language Requirements for CTOs and Senior Engineering Leaders in Japan 🔰

TL;DR

• Language requirements vary

• Native Japanese speaker may be required for acquisitions/IPOs

• Companies may hire a translator

The truth is, the language requirement can vary depending on the situation.

In some companies, only one of the founders speaks Japanese while the others don't. In these cases, Japanese language skills are not necessarily required for the role, but they could certainly be helpful.

Often companies in which the founder is not Japanese, are required to find a native Japanese speaker for senior leadership if they want to be acquired or go public. You might be able to stick with English as the primary language if you are working with a SaaS product, but even in such companies, Japanese language skills will still be beneficial.

However, even if you do not have Japanese language skills, that doesn't necessarily mean you won't be considered for a senior engineering role in Japan. A company that recently sought to fill a CTO position interviewed a candidate who didn't speak Japanese at all, but the company was willing to hire a translator. If you can provide enough value, the company will find ways to bridge the communication gap.

Essential Skills for CTOs and Senior Engineering Leaders in Japan 📈

TL;DR

• Understand your product

• Identify areas of improvement

• Making tough decisions

• Growing skills

As a CTO or senior engineering leader in Japan, you must possess a range of skills beyond technical know-how. In this section, Bryan outlines some of the essential skills required to excel in these roles.

1. Understand your product:
   First and foremost, you should have a deep understanding of your company's product and service offerings. This means that you should know the product and service inside out and have your footprint everywhere.
   

2. Identify areas of improvement:
   Additionally, you should possess the ability to identify areas where your company needs improvement and what kind of talent you need to hire to make those improvements. As a CTO or senior engineering leader, you should know what you're not good at and how to hire the right people to build those areas of weakness.

   Furthermore, as a CTO or senior engineering leader, you should be able to identify the weaknesses of your company and take decisive action to make improvements. You should have the ability to make difficult decisions that will benefit the organization in the long run.
   

3. Making tough decisions:
   Another critical skill you need to possess is the ability to replace team members who are no longer growing with the company. It's essential to recognize when someone is no longer adding value and take appropriate steps to replace them. Doing so will ensure that your team remains productive and effective.
   

4. Growing Skills:
   Lastly, you should focus on growing the skills of your teams. As a leader, it's your responsibility to ensure that your team members have the tools, resources, and support they need to grow in their careers. By doing so, you will not only benefit your company, but you will also help your team members realize their full potential.

Possessing technical skills alone is not enough to succeed as a CTO or senior engineering leader in Japan. You must possess a range of skills, including a deep understanding of your company's offerings, the ability to identify areas of improvement, decisiveness, and a focus on growing the skills of your teams. By developing these skills, you can position yourself as a valuable asset to any organization. Good luck!

Day-to-Day: Senior Engineering Leadership in Japan 📆

TL;DR

• Strategic planning, R&D, hiring, budgeting, headcount management

• Attend industry events, hold all-hands meetings

• Startups may require pitching and fundraising

As a senior engineering leader in Japan, your day-to-day tasks will be varied, challenging, and exciting.

Your responsibilities will include strategic planning, research and development, hiring, budgeting, and headcount management. You will also need to attend industry events, networking opportunities, and hold all-hands meetings to ensure alignment across teams. Let’s talk about each of these individually.

1. Strategic Planning:
   Strategic planning is a key aspect of your role. You will need to collaborate with other departments to understand business objectives and then use that information to set goals for your engineering team. You will also need to develop a roadmap for your team to execute on these objectives. This requires a deep understanding of both the business and the technology landscape.
   
   

2. R&D:
   Research and development is another crucial aspect of your role. You will need to stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends, technologies, and best practices. This will involve reading industry publications, attending conferences and workshops, and networking with other engineering leaders.
   
   

3. Hiring:
   Hiring is also a significant part of your day-to-day responsibilities. You will need to work closely with the HR team to identify and attract top engineering talent to your organization. This requires a thorough understanding of the skills and experience required for each role, as well as a deep understanding of the engineering talent pool in Japan.
   
   

4. Budgeting:
   Budgeting and headcount management are essential to ensuring the long-term success of your team. You will need to develop budgets and forecasts for your team and work with other departments to ensure alignment with overall company financial objectives. You will also need to manage headcount, ensuring that your team has the right mix of skills and experience to execute your objectives.
   
   

5. For the People:
   Meetings and communications are an integral part of your day-to-day work. You will need to hold regular meetings with your team to ensure alignment and provide guidance. You will also need to attend meetings with other departments and stakeholders to ensure that your team's objectives align with the broader company strategy.

Quick note from Bryan - In Startups

If you are working in a startup, as a senior engineering leader, you will be required to pitch to clients and attend meetings. You will meet with other C-level executives to discuss company strategy and fundraising efforts. Regardless of the stage of the company, your responsibilities will include strategic planning, R&D, hiring, budgeting, and headcount management.

Working Environment in Japan for Senior Technical Leadership 👔

TL;DR

• Japan: Startup culture, public-facing, growth-oriented.

• Management in transition: Adapt to growth, evolve roles.

• Dress code: Business casual norms, suits not necessary.

Embracing Startup Culture

As a senior technical leader, you will have the opportunity to contribute to the growth and visibility of your organization. Being a co-founder as a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) does not automatically translate into possessing the full range of skills required to be an effective CTO as the company scales. Therefore, it is not uncommon for CTOs to be replaced as the company expands.

It would be weird if you wear a suit

Contrary to popular belief, Japan's business culture has evolved, and the traditional emphasis on formal attire has diminished, even in client-facing situations. While visiting a major client, it is generally expected that you dress in business casual or business smart attire.

Wearing a suit might even be considered peculiar in such circumstances. This relaxed dress code is reflective of the changing landscape of professional interactions in Japan and serves as an opportunity to present yourself as approachable and adaptable.

Bryan even said, and I quote, “It would be weird if you wear a suit”

How to get a CTO job in japan

Resume Tips for Senior Technical Leadership Positions in Japan 📄

TL;DR

• Prioritize experience over education

• Connect technical expertise to solving real-world problems

• Highlight management and hiring experience

As a senior technical leader in Japan, your resume is your calling card. It is the first impression that you will make on potential employers, and it can make all the difference in securing your next position. When crafting your resume, keep in mind the following tips to ensure that you stand out from the crowd.

1. Experience matters more:
   Education is important, but experience matters more. While it's essential to have a strong educational background, what really counts is your experience. Be sure to highlight your experience in your resume, emphasizing the projects you've worked on and the results you've achieved.
   

2. What’s your problem?
   Connect your technical expertise to the problems you've solved. As a senior technical leader, you will be expected to solve complex problems. Your resume should showcase how you've used your technical skills to address real-world challenges. Be specific and use concrete examples to illustrate your problem-solving abilities.
   

3. Highlight your management experience:
   As a senior technical leader, you will be responsible for managing teams of engineers. Make sure to include information about the number of teams you've managed, the number of people on each team, and the team structure. Additionally, indicate how many managers reported to you and your experience in managing managers.
   

4. Showcase your accomplishments:
   Your resume should highlight the projects you've led and the results you've achieved. Be specific about the impact that your work has had on your organization, and use metrics whenever possible to illustrate your achievements.
   

5. Demonstrate your hiring experience:
   As a senior technical leader, you will be responsible for hiring and developing top engineering talent. Indicate how many people you've hired and how you've contributed to the growth of your team.
   

6. The King’s Speech:
   Include industry events and speaking engagements. As a senior technical leader, you will be expected to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices in your field. Include information about any industry events you've attended or speaking engagements you've had.
   

7. Keep it concise (unlike this guide, am I right?):
   Your resume should be no longer than two to three pages for a CV at most. Focus on the most important and relevant information, and make sure that your resume is easy to read and understand.

Example Resume

Didn’t you read the tips? Your experience and connection will matter more. So go out there an build products and your network.

If you need help, you can reach out to us with this link!

Coding Test Tips for CTOs in Japan 💻

No coding test, you are the leader now!

If you want tips on creating coding tests, check out this article here.

Interview Tips: Senior Technical Leadership Positions in Japan 🤝

TL;DR

• Demonstrate expertise and explain your work

• Understand what the company needs

• Own your failures and show responsibility

Here are 5 tips to help you prepare for your interview.

1. Demonstrate your expertise:
   During the interview, be prepared to discuss what you've built and the products or services you've worked on. Be specific about your role in the project and how you improved the product. Additionally, highlight the size of the team you managed and how you were involved in the project's success.
   

2. Understand the needs of the company:
   While your experience is important, it's essential to understand the specific needs of the company you're interviewing with. For example, it's not necessary to be a fintech CTO if you're building a fintech product, but it is crucial to have experience building similar products.
   

3. Be ready to explain your work:
   Explain how you've used your technical skills to solve real-world problems. Be prepared to talk about the products and services you've built and who the users are. Additionally, explain how you solved the problems by using the technology, and be able to communicate the product's workings clearly.
   

4. Be open about your failures:
   It's essential to be ready to discuss the things that didn't work out, including people you've hired who didn't work out. Explain what you learned from those experiences and how you've taken responsibility for your mistakes. If you decided to use a particular technology or build something that didn't work, own those mistakes and demonstrate what you learned.
   

5. Demonstrate how you take responsibility:
   It's essential to show how you've taken responsibility for your failures and learned from them. Be open about the things that didn't work out and explain how you've improved since then.
   
   Bonus Tip - Don't slap your interviewer:
   It should go without saying, but it's crucial to maintain a professional and respectful demeanor during the interview.

Quick notes from Bryan - Ownership
Owning your decisions and taking responsibility for your mistakes is critical. This extends to your team as well. If you hire someone who isn't committed to the company's goals and values, you need to make the difficult decision to cut ties.

Ownership is key. If you make a mistake, you must own it and take responsibility. Brushing it off or shifting blame onto others is not an acceptable approach.

CTO Interview Questions 📋

1. Can you describe your previous experience as a CTO or in a similar technology leadership role? What were your responsibilities, and what achievements are you most proud of?

2. What is your approach to technology strategy and how would you align it with the company's vision and goals? How do you ensure that technology initiatives support business objectives?

3. How do you stay updated with the latest technology trends and advancements? Can you provide an example of a recent technology trend that you find interesting and explain its potential impact on our industry?

4. Collaboration and communication skills are vital for a CTO working closely with various stakeholders. How have you effectively collaborated with other teams, such as product management, engineering, and design, in your previous roles?

5. In a fast-paced startup environment, agility and adaptability are key. Can you provide an example of a situation where you had to pivot or change direction quickly in response to market or business needs? How did you handle it?

6. Building and managing technical teams is an essential part of the CTO's role. How do you approach team-building and what strategies do you use to motivate and empower your team members?

7. Innovation and creativity are often required to drive technological advancements. Can you provide an example of a time when you introduced an innovative solution or approach to a technical challenge?

8. Startups often face resource constraints. How do you prioritize technology initiatives and make decisions about resource allocation to ensure maximum impact for the company?

9. Problem-solving skills are crucial for a CTO. Can you walk me through your process for approaching and solving complex technical problems?

10. Finally, why are you excited about our company's vision, and how do you envision leveraging technology to achieve our long-term goals?

Ready to become a CTO in Japan? Message us here to find out what roles are open!

How to move to Japan?

Moving to Japan for Engineers: What You Need to Know

If you're an engineer considering working in Japan, there are several things you need to know. In this part of the guide, we will cover the most important factors to consider when moving to Japan.

If you clicked the link by mistake, click here to return to the top of the guide.

Visa Requirements

To work in Japan, you'll need a valid visa. The good news is that getting a working visa in Japan is not difficult. However, there are a few requirements you'll need to meet. You'll need to have a Bachelor's degree, proof of 10 years of professional working experience, or be married to a Japanese national. 

You'll also need a job offer from a Japanese company. The application timeline can take 4-8 weeks. The most common visa type is the regular humanity, technical related visa, or the high-skilled working visa, which requires a minimum of 80 points or 70 points on the point system. For more information on the visa application process, check out these resources:

• Visa application: https://www.juridique.jp/visa/procedure.php

• GaijinPot: https://blog.gaijinpot.com/japan101/visas-and-status-of-residence/

• Zairyu card (Residence card): https://gogonihon.com/en/blog/japan-residence-card/

• Japan Dev Visa Guide: https://japan-dev.com/blog/getting-a-visa-as-an-engineer-in-japan

Salary Structure and Taxation

In Japan, the salary structure for engineers typically includes a base salary, fixed overtime allowance, bonus, and potential stock options. Taxation in Japan is relatively high compared to other countries, but there are ways to mitigate your tax burden. Your employer will cover 50% of your health insurance and pension, and the amount of commutation depends on the company. To calculate your payroll and taxes, check out these resources:

Payroll calculation: https://www.htm.co.jp/calculators-monthly-payroll-japan.htm

Tax Calculator: https://japantaxcalculator.com/

Tax chart: https://www.nta.go.jp/english/taxes/individual/pdf/incometax_2020/01.pdf

Holidays and Work Culture

In Japan, there are 16 national holidays per year. Additionally, most companies offer annual paid leave, special leaves, sick leaves, summer holidays, and year-end and New Year holidays. Some companies also offer a remote work policy. While it's true that many Japanese workers put in long hours, there is a growing movement to improve work-life balance. When it comes to relocation support, some companies offer assistance with the visa application process, flight tickets, local registration, accounts opening, and temporary housing.

Relocation Process

Moving to Japan is relatively easy as long as you're prepared. You'll need to consider factors such as how many people are relocating with you, whether you have pets, and if you're bringing any household goods. You'll also need to open a bank account, for which you'll need your residence card and personal seal. Some banks may accept a signature instead. Popular banks in Japan include UFJ, SMBC, Mizuho, and Shinsei. For online banking, you can try Rakuten or Yahoo/Paypay. Here are some useful Japanese banking words to know:

銀行 (ginkō): Bank

お引き出し (ohikidashi): Withdraw

通帳記入 (tsūchōkinyū): Passbook update

お振り込み (ofurikomi): Transfer

現金振り込み (genkin furikomi): Cash transfer

Quick Note from Grace - Questions to ask before you move to Japan (Checklist)

1. How many people are relocating together?

2. Are you moving with pets?
   For dogs and cats, the quarantine is only for seven days. However, the quarantine is subject to last longer if the owners cannot provide all the necessary documentation, such as titer test results or microchip number.
   Here is the guide to importing dogs and cats into Japan from non-designated regions. For any other animals please do a proper research.

3. Household goods?
   Shipping from overseas to Japan needs to provide at least 6 month prior ownership information for duty free purposes.

Living in Japan

Housing

The cost of housing in Japan can vary greatly depending on the location and type of housing. In Tokyo, the average rent for a one-room apartment ranges from 70,000 to 100,000 yen per month (approximately $650 to $930 USD), while a two-room apartment can cost anywhere from 120,000 to 180,000 yen per month (approximately $1,120 to $1,680 USD). Share houses and social apartments are also popular options, with prices ranging from 30,000 to 70,000 yen per month (approximately $280 to $650 USD). It's worth noting that apartments in Japan often come unfurnished, so tenants may need to purchase their own furniture.

Transportation

Japan has an extensive and efficient public transportation system, including trains, buses, and subways. The cost of commuting varies depending on the distance traveled and the type of transportation used. For example, a one-way train ticket in Tokyo can range from 170 to 320 yen (approximately $1.60 to $3 USD), while a monthly commuter pass can cost around 10,000 yen (approximately $93 USD).

Electricity, Gas, Water

The cost of utilities in Japan can also vary depending on the size of the apartment and the time of year. On average, a one-person household can expect to pay around 7,000 yen (approximately $65 USD) per month for electricity, gas, and water combined.

Phone and Internet in Japan

There are several mobile phone and internet providers in Japan, with prices varying depending on the plan and provider. Monthly mobile phone plans typically range from 3,000 to 8,000 yen (approximately $28 to $75 USD), while home internet plans can cost around 4,000 to 6,000 yen per month (approximately $37 to $56 USD).

Tokyo Lifestyle

Japan has become increasingly foreigner-friendly in recent years, especially in the lead up to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics (which were postponed due to COVID-19). Many signs, menus, and announcements are now available in English, and there are more resources available for foreigners such as multilingual websites and support services. Tokyo is a bustling city with a diverse range of activities and experiences available, from shopping and dining to visiting historic sites and museums.

Here are some additional resources for living in Japan:

• Japan Guide (https://www.japan-guide.com/)

• Tokyo Guide (https://www.gotokyo.org/en/)

• Matcha (web travel magazine with multiple languages) (https://matcha-jp.com/en/)

• Worklife in Japan (Mandarin only) (https://www.worklifeinjapan.net/)

Language Learning Resources for Developers in Japan

Language Learning Resources for Developers in Japan

Learning Japanese is crucial for your career success. 

It's not just about communicating with your colleagues and clients, but also about understanding the culture and navigating daily life.

Fortunately, plenty of language learning resources are available for software developers like you. Here are 5 of the best:

1. ONLINE COURSES
   Online courses are a great way to learn Japanese at your own pace and schedule. Some of the most popular options include Duolingo, Rosetta Stone, and Pimsleur. You can also find specialized courses for software developers, such as CodePrep's Japanese for Developers and Nihongo-Pro's Business Japanese for IT Professionals.

2. LANGUAGE EXCHANGE PLATFORMS
   Language exchange platforms are ideal for practicing your conversational skills with native Japanese speakers. Tandem, HelloTalk, and Italki are some of the most popular ones. You can also find language exchange groups on Facebook and Meetup, or join a local conversation club.

3. MOBILE APPS
   Mobile apps are perfect for learning Japanese on-the-go. Some of the most useful ones for software developers include JapanesePod101, Anki, and Imiwa?. You can also find apps that focus on specific aspects of the language, such as Kanji Study for kanji practice and Yomikata Z for reading practice.

4. TEXTBOOKS AND WORKBOOKS
   Textbooks and workbooks are traditional but effective ways to learn Japanese. Some of the most recommended ones for software developers include Genki, Minna no Nihongo, and Japanese for Busy People. You can also find textbooks and workbooks that cater to specific industries, such as Japanese for IT Professionals and Japanese for Business.

5. IMMERSION PROGRAMS
   Immersion programs are intensive language learning experiences that allow you to fully immerse yourself in the Japanese language and culture. They are ideal for those who want to accelerate their learning and gain real-world experience. Some of the most reputable ones for software developers include GoGoNihon's Tech Internship Program, Tokyo Coding Club's Coding Bootcamp, and GenkiJACS' Japanese Language and Culture Course.

These are just some of the best language learning resources for software developers who want to learn Japanese in Japan. Whichever method you choose, make sure to practice consistently and seek feedback from native speakers. With dedication and effort, you'll be able to achieve fluency and thrive in your developer position in Japan.

The End

Wait!

Stop!

Don’t go!

We haven’t talked about recruiters!

Recruitment companies - Why?

Advantages

Here are some reasons why working with a recruiter can be beneficial to you in your job search:

1. Understanding the market:
   If you don't come from a technical background, a recruiter can help you understand the landscape of the industry, including the product, the culture, and the state of the company and development. They can also provide information about the company's financial situation and the maturity of the product.

2. Career growth:
   If you are a junior candidate, a recruiter can help you find a company where you can gain experience and grow in your career. On the other hand, if you are a mid- to senior-level professional, a recruiter can help you find opportunities that align with your career goals, including salary and title.

3. Company type:
   Recruiters can also help you understand the difference between project-based and product-based companies. Project-based companies typically offer short-term contracts, while product-based companies offer the opportunity to work on in-house products and delve deeper into technology.

4. Efficient job search:
   Working with a recruiter can save you time and effort in your job search. Recruiters have connections with a range of companies and can quickly match you with opportunities that align with your skills and goals.

Quick note from Uros - It’s free!

There are no fees for you as a job seeker. Recruiters are paid by the hiring companies. Check out this blog about how recruiters make money to learn more.

I cannot lie

Ok, time to come clean. The blog promotion in that last sentence is from me, not Uros.

Wow, being honest feels great! In the spirit of that honesty, let’s go over the disadvantages of working with a recruitment firm.

Disadvantages

While working with a recruiter can offer several benefits, there are also some potential disadvantages to consider.

1. Limited control:
   When working with a recruiter, you may have limited control over the job search process. You may be relying on the recruiter to find job opportunities and negotiate offers on your behalf, which can be a disadvantage if you prefer to have more control and independence in your job search.
   

2. Misalignment with goals:
   While recruiters aim to match you with the best opportunity, there is always the potential for misalignment with your goals and expectations. It's important to communicate your requirements and expectations clearly with your recruiter to minimize the chances of this happening.
   

3. No guarantee of success:
   Working with a recruiter does not guarantee success in your job search. Recruiters can provide you with opportunities and support, but ultimately the success of your job search will depend on factors such as your skills and experience, the competitiveness of the job market, and your ability to effectively communicate with potential employers.

Weigh the potential disadvantages and benefits before deciding whether to work with a recruiter in your job search. Consider your personal needs, goals, and budget before making a decision.

Conclusion

Wow, you made it.

Congrats on reading all the way to the end of this guide. I know that you did not just scroll to the end to see if I credit ChatGPT. Well even if you did, I am grateful to you and excited for the next step on your career journey.

If there is anything I missed or if you have questions, please message me on LinkedIn. I am always happy to help.

If you are looking for a dev job in Japan, please message us using this link.

Best of luck with your career building and I am looking forward to seeing you in Tokyo!

Related links and sources

• https://japan-dev.com/blog/how-to-find-a-job-as-a-software-developer-in-japan

• https://jobs.bfftokyo.com/guide-to-it-jobs-in-japan/

• https://bfftokyo.com/ultimate-guide-for-a-japan-visa/

• https://www.tsunagulocal.com/en/83585/

• https://www.watelectronics.com/types-of-programming-languages-with-differences/

• https://workinjapan.today/hightech/what-you-need-to-know-to-get-a-python-job-in-japan/

• https://www.tokyodev.com/insights/2021-developer-survey/